Mass entrapment and lysis of Mesodinium rubrum cells in mucus threads observed in cultures with Dinophysis |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute of Ecology, Seo-Cheon Gun, Chungcheongnam Province 325-813, South Korea;2. Wetlands and Birds Korea, Geo-Je Dong, Yeon-Je Gu, Busan 611-071, South Korea;3. Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Jang-Jeon Dong, Gum-Jeong Gu, Busan 609-735, South Korea;5. Institute of Environmental Technology & Industry, Pusan National University, Jang-Jeon Dong, Gum-Jeong Gu, Busan 609-735, South Korea;1. MARUM, Leobener Straße, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany;2. Faculty of Science, Baghdad St., Moharam Bey 21511, Alexandria University, Egypt;3. Fachbereich 5-Geowissenschaften, University of Bremen, Postfach 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany;1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK;2. Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI;3. ProThera Biologics Inc., Providence, RI;4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI |
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| Abstract: | The entrapment and death of the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum in the mucus threads in cultures with Dinophysis is described and quantified. Feeding experiments with different concentrations and predator–prey ratios of Dinophysis acuta, Dinophysis acuminata and M. rubrum to study the motility loss and aggregate formation of the ciliates and the feeding behaviour of Dinophysis were carried out. In cultures of either Dinophysis species, the ciliates became entrapped in the mucus, which led to the formation of immobile aggregates of M. rubrum and subsequent cell lysis. The proportion of entrapped ciliates was influenced by the concentration of Dinophysis and the ratio of predator and prey in the cultures. At high cell concentrations of prey (136 cells mL?1) and predator (100 cells mL?1), a maximum of 17% of M. rubrum cells became immobile and went through cell lysis. Ciliates were observed trapped in the mucus even when a single D. acuminata cell was present in a 3.4 mL growth medium. Both Dinophysis species were able to detect immobile or partly immobile ciliates at a distance and circled around the prey prior to the capture with a stretched out peduncle. Relatively high entrapment and lysis of M. rubrum cells in the mucus threads indicates that under certain conditions Dinophysis might have a considerable impact on the population of M. rubrum. |
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| Keywords: | Cell lysis Mixotrophy Mucus Predation |
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