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Imaging cells and sub-cellular structures with ultrahigh resolution full-field X-ray microscopy |
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| Authors: | C.C. Chien P.Y. Tseng H.H. Chen T.E. Hua S.T. Chen Y.Y. Chen W.H. Leng C.H. Wang Y. Hwu G.C. Yin K.S. Liang F.R. Chen Y.S. Chu H.I. Yeh Y.C. Yang C.S. Yang G.L. Zhang J.H. Je G. Margaritondo |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;2. Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;3. Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;4. Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;5. National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;6. Electrophysics Department, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;g NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973‐5000, USA;h Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;i Center for Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;j Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;k X-ray Imaging Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790‐784, Republic of Korea;l Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | Our experimental results demonstrate that full-field hard-X-ray microscopy is finally able to investigate the internal structure of cells in tissues. This result was made possible by three main factors: the use of a coherent (synchrotron) source of X-rays, the exploitation of contrast mechanisms based on the real part of the refractive index and the magnification provided by high-resolution Fresnel zone-plate objectives. We specifically obtained high-quality microradiographs of human and mouse cells with 29 nm Rayleigh spatial resolution and verified that tomographic reconstruction could be implemented with a final resolution level suitable for subcellular features. We also demonstrated that a phase retrieval method based on a wave propagation algorithm could yield good subcellular images starting from a series of defocused microradiographs. The concluding discussion compares cellular and subcellular hard-X-ray microradiology with other techniques and evaluates its potential impact on biomedical research. |
| Keywords: | X-ray microscopy Phase contrast radiology Fresnel phase zone plate Subcellular organelle |
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