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Making water flow: a comparison of the hydrodynamic characteristics of 12 different benthic biological flumes |
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| Authors: | Per R. Jonsson Luca A. van Duren Muriel Amielh Ragnhild Asmus Rebecca J. Aspden Darius Daunys Michael Friedrichs Patrick L. Friend Frédéric Olivier Nick Pope Elimar Precht Pierre-Guy Sauriau Estelle Schaaff |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Marine Ecology, Tj?rn? Marine Biological Laboratory, G?teborg University, SE-452 96, Str?mstad, Sweden 2. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 140, 4400 AC, Yerseke, The Netherlands 3. Institute de Recherche sur des Phénomènes Hors Equilibre, 12, Avenue General Leclerc, 13003, Marseille, France 4. Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Wattenmeerstation Sylt, D-25992, List/Sylt, Germany 5. Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland, UK 6. Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Manto 84, Klaipeda, LT-5808, Lithuania 7. Marine Biology Department, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18051, Rostock, Germany 8. School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK 9. Station Marine de Dinard, Muséum National de l’Histoire Naturelle, 17, avenue George V, BP 70134, 35801, Dinard, France 10. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK 11. Max Planck Institut für Marine Mikrobiologie, Celsiusstr 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany 12. CREMA (UMR 10 CNRS-IFREMER), Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles de L’Houmeau, Place du séminaire, B.P. 5, F-17137, L’Houmeau, France 13. Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, Stn Marine Endoume, F-13007, Marseille, France |
| Abstract: | Flume tanks are becoming increasingly important research tools in aquatic ecology, to link biological to hydrodynamical processes. There is no such thing as a “standard flume tank”, and no flume tank is suitable for every type of research question. A series of experiments has been carried out to characterise and compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of 12 different flume tanks that are designed specifically for biological research. These facilities are part of the EU network BioFlow. The flumes could be divided into four basic design types: straight, racetrack, annular and field flumes. In each facility, two vertical velocity profiles were measured: one at 0.05 m s−1 and one at 0.25 m s−1. In those flumes equipped with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV), time series were also recorded for each velocity at two heights above the bottom: 0.05 m and 20% of the water depth. From these measurements turbulence characteristics, such as TKE and Reynolds stress, were derived, and autocorrelation spectra of the horizontal along-stream velocity component were plotted. The flume measurements were compared to two sets of velocity profiles measured in the field.Despite the fact that some flumes were relatively small, turbulence was fully developed in all channels. Straight and racetrack flumes generally produced boundary layers with a clearly definable logarithmic layer, similar to measurements in the field taken under steady flow conditions. The two annular flumes produced relatively thin boundary layers, presumably due to secondary flows developing in the curved channels. The profiles in the field flumes also differed considerably from the expected log profile. This may either have been due the construction of the flume, or due to unsteady conditions during measurement. Constraints imposed by the different flume designs on the suitability for different types of boundary layer research, as well as scaling issues are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Benthic boundary layer Biological– Physical interaction Flume tanks Hydrodynamics methods |
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