广叶绣球菌水提物酪氨酸酶抑制、抗氧化及保湿功能

广叶绣球菌Sparassis latifolia是新近开发的一种珍稀食药用真菌。本文对其子实体不同提取温度、不同干燥方式提取物酪氨酸酶的抑制、抗氧化和保湿功能进行评价;同时比较了子实体采摘后残留的柄部废弃物、子实体包装整形处理后的下脚料与商品子实体提取物酪氨酸酶抑制、抗氧化和保湿功能。结果发现,新鲜子实体提取物对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活性抑制率均远高于冻干和烘干样品,达到(86.43±3.33)%和(79.03±4.49)%,仅微低于阳性对照曲酸。不同干燥方式的子实体及不同温度提取物在浓度2 000μg/mL时DPPH·自由基清除率和阳性对照BHT相当,表明其具有较好的抗氧化潜力;新鲜子实体提取物DPPH·自由基清除IC₅₀值最低,为(308.08±6.77)μg/mL。不同温度下的提取物及不同干燥方式的子实体提取物保湿率均稍高于常用保湿剂甘油和透明质酸钠,证实广叶绣球菌具有较好的保湿能力。废弃柄部和下脚料水提物酪氨酸酶抑制活性低于新鲜商品子实体水提物,但是在DPPH·自由基清除率和保湿功能方面,均与新鲜商品菇提取物相当。本研究为广叶绣球菌子实体在美白护肤品领域的应用提供了实验依据,也为工厂化栽培采收后的废弃物开发提供了思路。

Tyrosinase inhibition,antioxidant and moisture-retention properties of water extract from Sparassis latifolia

Sparassis latifolia, one of the valuable edible fungi, has been cultivated recently in China. In the present study, the effects of tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant and moisture-retention of fruiting body water extract of S. latifolia obtained under different temperatures and different drying methods were evaluated. A comparison was made between the effects of tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant and moisture-retention of the extracts of fresh fruiting body of and those of discarded stipe after being harvested and residual waste during pruning and package. It was found that the water extract of fresh fruiting body of S. latifolia showed strong inhibitory rate against monophenolase and diphenolase (86.43±3.33)% and (79.03±4.49)%, respectively], slightly lower than the inhibitory rate of the positive control kojic acid. At concentration of 2 000μg/mL all the samples are similar to the positive control BHT in DPPH· scavenging activity, suggesting the antioxidative potential of S. latifolia. The water extract of fresh fruiting body of S. latifolia showed the strongest antioxidant potency with IC₅₀ value of (308.08±6.77)μg/mL. The moisture-retention efficacy of all the samples were slightly higher than that of glycerol and sodium hyaluronate, indicating the potent application in the moisture-retention capability of S. latifolia. The extract of discarded stipes and residual waste had similar DPPH· scavenging and moisture-retention activities to that of fresh fruiting body. The results of this study will be valuable for the application of S. latifolia in cosmetic industry and also provide an idea for the disposal and application of the residual waste after harvest of S. latifolia fruiting bodies.