中老年黄斑变性患者跌倒风险与视力的关系及对生存质量的影响

摘要 目的：分析中老年黄斑变性患者跌倒风险与视力的关系及其影响因素，并分析其对生存质量的影响。方法：研究对象为我院2018年1月~2020年12月期间收治的中老年黄斑变性患者95例，采用修订版社区老年人跌倒危险评估工具（MFROP-COM）评估患者跌倒风险。采用世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL-BREAF）评价患者的生存质量。采用本院自制的调查问卷获取患者的临床资料。中老年黄斑变性患者跌倒风险的影响因素采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：本次研究共发放调查问卷95份，回收有效问卷95份，回收率100.00%。其中存在跌倒风险的患者38例（40.00%）。无跌倒风险的患者视力、生存质量各领域评分均优于有跌倒风险的患者（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示：中老年黄斑变性患者跌倒风险与视力、文化程度、年龄、家中安全行走、婚姻状况、居住方式、日常生活能力、居家环境安全、足部疾病、社区安全行走有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：日常生活能力、视力、家中安全行走、足部疾病、社区安全行走、居家环境安全是中老年黄斑变性患者跌倒风险的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：中老年黄斑变性患者存在跌倒风险的人数占比较高，且跌倒风险受多种因素影响，有跌倒风险的患者生存质量更低，因此临床需积极评估并帮助此类患者建立科学防跌倒生活行为，对改善中老年黄斑变性患者生存质量具有重要意义。

Relationship between Fall Risk and Visual Acuity in Elderly Patients with Macular Degeneration and Its Impact on Quality of Life

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship between fall risk and visual acuity in elderly patients with macular degeneration and its influencing factors, as well as its impact on quality of life. Methods: The subjects of the study were 95 elderly patients with macular degeneration who were admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. The revised community elderly fall risk assessment tool(MFROP-COM) was used to assess the fall risk of patients. The World Health Organization Quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREAF) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients. The general information of patients was obtained by self-made questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of falls in elderly patients with macular degeneration. Results: In this study, a total of 95 questionnaires were sent out, and 95 were effectively received, with a recovery rate of 100.00%. Among them, 38 patients(40.00%) were at fall risk. The scores of visual acuity and quality of life of patients without fall risk were better than those of patients with fall risk(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the fall risk in elderly patients with macular degeneration was related to visual acuity, education level, age, safe walking at home, marital status, living style, daily living ability, safe home environment, foot disease and safe walking in community(P<0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that daily living ability, visual acuity, safe walking at home, foot disease, safe walking in community and safe home environment were the influencing factors of the fall risk in elderly patients with macular degeneration(P<0.05). Conclusion: Middle-aged and elderly patients with macular degeneration have a higher risk of falling and risk of falling are affected by a variety of factors, and patients at fall risk have a lower quality of life. Therefore, it is of great significance to actively evaluate and establish scientific fall-prevention life behaviors in clinical practice to improve the quality of life of elderly patients with macular degeneration.