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Large-scale total synthesis of 13C3-labeled citrinin and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone
Authors:Dominik Bergmann  Florian Hübner  Birgit Wibbeling  Constantin Daniliuc  Benedikt Cramer  Hans-Ulrich Humpf
Affiliation:1.Institute of Food Chemistry,Münster,Germany;2.Organisch-Chemisches Institut,Münster,Germany
Abstract:The analysis of the nephrotoxic mycotoxin citrinin in food, feed, and physiological samples is still challenging. Nowadays, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is the method of choice for achieving low limits of detection. But matrix effects can present impairments for this method. Stable isotope dilution analysis can prevent some of these problems. Therefore, a stable isotopically labeled standard of citrinin for use in stable isotope dilution analysis was synthesized on large scale. The improved diastereoselective total synthetic strategy offered the possibility to introduce three 13C-labels in two steps by ortho-toluate anion chemistry. This led to a mass difference of 3 Da, sufficient for preventing spectral overlap. Additionally, a stable isotopically labeled form of dihydrocitrinone, the main urinary metabolite of citrinin, was synthesized with the same mass difference. This was achieved by a sequence of cyclisation, oxidation, deprotection, and carboxylation reactions starting from a protected intermediate of the labeled citrinin synthesis. Thus, this method also offers a complete way to synthesize dihydrocitrinone from citrinin on large scale.
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