分子检测技术对活性污泥中氨氧化细菌的比较研究

采用PCR扩增、随机克隆测序等技术，分析处理含高浓度氨氮的废水处理系统不同驯化时期的4个活性污泥样品，对样品中氨氧化细菌（AOB）的种类和氨单加氧酶（AMO）的活性进行分析比较，并在国内首次采用PCR变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）相结合的技术对样品中总的细菌类群的差异进行研究。结果表明所检测到的氨氧化细菌优势菌群均属于变形细菌的β亚类，与Nitrosomonas sp.具有较高的相似性。活性污泥驯化成熟后，废水处理系统中AMO的活性有明显提高，活性污泥中的细菌类群更加集中，优势菌群相对稳定，系统对废水的处理效率也相应提高。结果表明采用分子检测技术有利于更全面地了解AOB的类群和功能，进而改善废水处理系统的处理效果。

Study on the Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria from Activated Sludge Samples by the Molecular Analysis

The molecular analysis methods of PCR amplification, random cloning and sequencing were used to investigate the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition and the activity of ammonia-monooxygenase (AMO) from the activated sludge samples of an industrial wastewater treatment plant receiving sewage with high ammonia concentration. It is the first time to use PCR-DGGE combined technique to analysis the difference of dominant bacterial community compositions of the activated sludge samples in China. The result showed that the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) detected from the activated sludge samples all belong to Nitrosomonas sp.. The activity of AMO, the stability of bacteria community composition and the treatment efficiency of the wastewater treatment system were improved evidently, after the activated sludge system was operated for a certain extant. It is suggested that the molecular techniques will contribute to our understanding of the diversity and function of AOB and will benefit to improve the industrial wastewater treatment system.