Immunomodulatory properties of human adult and fetal multipotent mesenchymal stem cells |
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Authors: | Pei-Min Chen Men-Luh Yen Ko-Jiunn Liu Huey-Kang Sytwu B-Linju Yen |
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Institution: | (1) Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan;(2) Department of Primary Care Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;(3) National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan;(4) Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan;(5) Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital Shiji, Taipei, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | In recent years, a large number of studies have contributed to our understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by
multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Initially isolated from the bone marrow (BM), MSCs have been found in many tissues
but the strong immunomodulatory properties are best studied in BM MSCs. The immunomodulatory effects of BM MSCs are wide,
extending to T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, and are therapeutically useful for treatment of immune-related diseases including
graft-versus-host disease as well as possibly autoimmune diseases. However, BM MSCs are very rare cells and require an invasive
procedure for procurement. Recently, MSCs have also been found in fetal-stage embryo-proper and extra-embryonic tissues, and
these human fetal MSCs (F-MSCs) have a higher proliferative profile, and are capable of multilineage differentiation as well
as exert strong immunomodulatory effects. As such, these F-MSCs can be viewed as alternative sources of MSCs. We review here
the current understanding of the mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory properties of BM MSCs and F-MSCs. An increase in our
understanding of MSC suppressor mechanisms will offer insights for prevalent clinical use of these versatile adult stem cells
in the near future. |
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Keywords: | mesenchymal stem cells bone marrow fetal multilineage differentiation immunomodulation T lymphocytes natural killer lymphocytes dendritic cells major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules |
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