木焦油污染土壤中微生物特性的空间变异性研究

运用地统计学方法研究了木焦油污染土壤中微生物量、微生物群落结构、微生物活性等的空间变异特征.分别采用26种主要磷脂类脂肪酸(PLFA)的总含量(totPLFA)、PLFA的第一主成分和第二主成分(PLFA PC1和PC2)以及土壤培养过程中CO₂-C的累积释放量(Cre)来表征土壤中的微生物量、微生物群落结构以及微生物活性.结果表明，多数微生物特性指标均存在不同程度的空间自相关性，其半变异函数曲线可用带块金效应的球状模型进行拟合.变量的空间相关距离在2.50～16.60 m之间.PLFA PC1、totPLFA和Cre均具有较强的空间依赖性，其相对结构变差（由结构性因素引起的空间变异）分别为82.3%、79.6%和64.7%，而PLFA PC2 不存在明显的空间依赖性.克立格空间插值图表明,样地中存在几处微生物相对密集分布且代谢活性较高的区域，其中优势微生物菌群是由PLFAs 16:1ω7t,cy17:0,18:1ω7 和cy19:0所表征的革兰氏阴性细菌.土壤中主要污染物多环芳烃含量和空间分布是影响微生物特性空间分布格局的重要因素之一.

Spatial variation of microbial properties in a creosote-contaminated soil

By the methods of geostatistics, this paper studied the spatial variation of microbial biomass, microbial community structure and microbial activity in a creosote-contaminated soil. The microbial biomass was indicated by the total amount of 26 examined phospholipid fatty acids (totPLFA), the microbial community structure was characterized by the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) of the PLFA patterns through subjecting the PLFAs to principal component analysis, and the total amount of CO2-C respired (C(re)) during incubation was used to describe the soil microbial activity. The results showed that most of the variables exhibited various degrees of spatial autocorrelation, and spherical models with nugget could fit their semivariograms. The estimated spatial dependence distances of the variables varied from 2.50 to 16.60 m. The PLFA PC1, totPLFA and C(re) displayed relatively high spatial dependences, their relative structural variance, i.e., the proportion of total variance that can be attributed to the spatial autocorrelation, being 82.3%, 79.6% and 64.7%, respectively, while PLFA PC2 was not spatially autocorrelated. The kriged maps showed that there were several hot spots with relatively high microbial biomass and high microbial activity located in the study site. Gram- negative bacteria characterized by PLFAs 16:1omega7t, cyl7:0, 18:1omega7 and cyl9:0 were the dominant community in these hot spots. The concentration and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the main contaminants in the soil could be one of the important factors affecting the spatial variation of soil microbial properties.