四种野生盐生植物解剖结构与抗旱耐盐性

为了解盐生植物的解剖结构与抗盐性和抗旱性的关系,以二色补血草、草木樨,艾蒿、猪毛菜为材料,通过徒手切片和显微观察了植物的叶、茎、腺毛、分泌腔、气孔、表皮毛分布和结构。结果显示:猪毛菜的气孔密度低、气孔器小,表皮毛密集,叶面积小,抗旱能力最强;艾蒿的表皮毛长、浓密,气孔密度较低、气孔较小,抗旱性较强;二色补血草表皮毛短、密集,但气孔密度较高、气孔器较大,抗旱性较差;草木樨表皮毛短、稀疏,气孔密度较高、气孔也较大,抗旱性最差;二色补血草有发达的内分泌和外分泌组织,根系吸收的大量盐份积累在分泌腔中,并通过盐腺排出叶片,是排盐植物,耐盐性强;猪毛菜具有发达的内分泌组织,有大量分泌腔,且有粘液细胞和大量薄壁细胞,是耐盐植物,耐盐性强;草木樨具有较多的盐腺,是泌盐植物,耐盐性较强;艾蒿无盐腺等分泌组织。猪毛菜可以作为盐碱地"生物脱盐器"。

Anatomical structure of four kinds of hapophytes and their drought-resistant and salt-tolerant characteristics

Anatomical structure of leaves and stems of four kinds of hapophytes (Limonium bicolor;Melilotus suaveolens;Artemisia arggi and Salsoa collina) were researched in order to understand the relation between anatomical structure of plants and drought-resistant and salt-tolerant characteristics by setting-up cutting slice and microscope observation. The results showed that: drought-resistant characteristics of Salsola collina was the strongest since its stoma density,stoma size,leaves area were the lowest and its epidermis hair density was more. Since stoma size,stoma density of Artemisia argyi were lower and its epidermis hair density was more,epidermis hair was longer, its drought-resistant characteristics was stronger. The epidermis hair density of Limonium bicolor was more,but epidemis hair was shorter,stoma density was more and stoma size was bigger. Therefore,its drought-resistant characteristic was weaker. The characteristic of M.suaveolens was the weakest because its stoma density,stoma size was higher,epidermis hair density was lower and epidermis hair was shorter. There were more exudation tissue,salt tentacle,exudation cavity in L.bicolor which was eduction salt plant and strongest salt-tolerant characteristic. The internal secretion tissue was more,such as exudation cavity in S.collina and with thinner wall cells and mucus cells. Therefore,S.collina was stronger salt-tolerant plant. There were more salt tentacles in M.suaveolens,which was eduction salt plant and stronger salt-tolerant characteristic. There was not any secretion tissue in Artemisia argyi. Therefore,S.collina may be used as biological ameliorant of salt soil.