用ELISA方法检测稻田捕食者对摇蚊的捕食作用

应用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）双抗体夹心法，研究了稻田19种常见捕食性天敌对中性昆虫摇蚊的捕食作用。用摇蚊作抗原免疫雄性大白兔获得抗血清，用中和法、双向琼脂扩散实验及交叉反应对所制备的抗血清作特异性检测，抗体反应表明制备的抗血清对摇蚊抗原具有较高的特异性。测定了19种捕食者捕食摇蚊的临界吸收值。在检测的19种捕食者中，有13种捕食了摇蚊，占被检测捕食者种数的67.89％。ELISA阳性反应率最高的是在早稻前期采集的褶管巢蛛，阳性率高达50％，其次是晚稻中期采集的拟水狼蛛，其阳性率为40％。ELISA方法敏感，能快速检测捕食者对猎物的捕食作用及确定节肢类捕食者如蜘蛛对水稻害早控制作用大小，作为一种有效实验工具，可有助于发展水稻害虫综合管理理论。

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Used to Explore the Predation of Chironomus sp. (Diptera:Chironomide) by Predators in Paddy Fields

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of double antibody sandwich was used to detect the predation of %Chironomus% sp.by 19 species of predators found in paddy fields. Antiserum was produced in a white male rabbit with an antigen from Chironomus sp., and its high specificity to Chironomus sp. was examined through crossing reaction, neutralization reaction and two-way agar diffusion in laboratory. The thresholds of 19 species of predators to Chironomus sp.were determined. 13 species of predators fed on Chironomus sp., which accounted for 67^89% among the accumulative 19 species tested. Clubiona japonocola collected at early stage of early rice field showed the highest frequency of positive reaction to Chironomus sp. with the frequency of 50%, and 40% frequency of positive reaction to Chironomus sp. was derived from another species, Pirata subpiraticu captured at middle stage of late rice. ELISA would enable the rapid detection of the feeding of predator to objectively reveal the relationships between preys and predators,and evaluate the contribution of predatory arthropods such as spiders to the control of rice pests,so ELISA was suggested to be a valuable tool to aid in developing theories of the community ecology and the integrated rice pest management.