斑块质量对大斑啄木鸟冬季觅食行为的影响

为了解大斑啄木鸟(Dendrocopos major)冬季对食物斑块的利用对策,2011年1月和2012年2～3月,在内蒙古乌拉特前旗的农田防护林中,采用目标动物取样法和全事件记录法,观察了大斑啄木鸟在食物斑块的觅食行为,利用主成分分析方法对斑块质量进行评价,通过比较不同质量斑块中大斑啄木鸟的觅食频次、停留时间、觅食成功频次及觅食成功率等指标,分析斑块质量对其觅食行为的影响。结果显示,在不同质量斑块中大斑啄木鸟的觅食频次、停留时间、觅食成功频次差异都极显著,但觅食成功率差异不显著;除停留时间外,不同性别间觅食差异不显著。大斑啄木鸟的觅食频次、停留时间、觅食成功频次与斑块质量呈显著正相关,觅食成功率与斑块质量相关性不显著。大斑啄木鸟倾向于在质量水平高的斑块觅食,表现为在这些斑块停留时间更长、往返次数更频繁;但觅食成功率不受斑块质量影响,这可能是大斑啄木鸟适应不同觅食环境的一种生存本能。

Influence of Food Patch Quality on the Foraging Behavior of Great Spotted Woodpecker in Winter

In order to investigate how the Great Spotted Woodpecker(Dendrocopos major) utilizing feeding patches in winter,we carried out field survey on the farmland shelterbelt in Wulateqianqi County,Inner Mongolia,in January 2011 and from February to March in 2012.Focal sampling and all-occurrences recording methods were undertaken to determine the foraging behaviors of Great Spotted Woodpecker in foraging patches.Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the patch quality.Correlation analysis between the patch quality and foraging behavior items,such as foraging times,residence time,successful foraging times and successful foraging rate was undertaken to reveal the affection of patch quality on the foraging behaviors of the birds.The results showed that there were significant differences in the birds’ foraging times,residence time,successful foraging times among different patches,but not in the successful foraging rate.Except for residence time,the differences of foraging behaviors between male and female were not significant.Patch quality had positively correlated with foraging times,residence time,successful foraging times,but not with the successful foraging rate.Great Spotted Woodpecker preferred to forage in high quality patches,not only foraging for longer time in them,but also selecting the patches much more frequently;the successful foraging rate was not affected by patch quality,that probably a survival instinct of them facing with different feeding environments.