松江鲈鱼皮肤的显微和亚显微结构

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜,对松江鲈鱼(Trachidermus fasciatus)成体皮肤的显微和亚显微结构进行了观察。结果表明,松江鲈鱼体表不同部位皮肤的厚薄不一,但基本结构相似。皮肤由表皮和真皮层构成。松江鲈鱼的皮肤裸露无鳞,表皮层较薄,由约4～8层细胞构成,主要由复层上皮细胞和黏液细胞及基底细胞组成。表层细胞呈扁平、多边形,细胞之间主要靠桥粒紧密连接,连接处形成增厚的边缘嵴状突起。表皮细胞游离面向内凹陷,表面形成指纹状微嵴。黏液细胞呈圆形或卵圆形,散布在上皮细胞之间。黏液细胞内的黏原颗粒具有椭圆颗粒状、均匀致密的块状和疏松丝状3种不同形态。真皮通过基膜与表皮相连,由稀疏层和致密层构成。真皮结缔组织在腹部较厚而在其他部位较薄。表皮与真皮连接处有色素层,头部、背部、尾柄和体侧皮肤色素细胞分布多,色素层明显,而腹部和颏部皮肤缺少色素。松江鲈鱼黄河群体真皮层中有角质棘状突起,而滦河群体则无。头部、体侧和尾柄处皮肤上还分布有侧线孔和表面神经丘等感觉器官。

Microstructure and Ultrastructure of the Skin in Roughskin Sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus)

Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the skin microstructure and ultrastructure of the adult Trachidermus fasciatus. The results show that the thickness of the skin in different parts of the body is different, but the basic structure is similar. Skin is composed of epidermis and dermis layers. There is no scale on the skin, and the epidermis layer is thinner, consisting of 4 to 8 layers of cells including epithelial cells and mucous cells and basal cells. The surface cells are flat or polygonal, and they are mainly connected by desmosomes, where the joint forms ridge-like processes. The free surface of epidermal cells invaginate to form some fingerprint-like micro-crests. Mucous cells are spherical,ovoid in shape and distribute between epithelial cells. The primitive mucous granules in mucous cells have different shapes, showing elliptic granules, uniform blocks and loose filaments. Epidermis and dermis are connected through basilar membrane, and dermis is composed of stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. Dermal connective tissue is thick in the abdomen and thin in other parts. The joint of epidermis and dermis has pigment layer, and the skin of head, backside, tail handle and body side contains more pigment cells than that of abdomen and mentum. In the dermal layer there are dermal keratinized spines in the Yellow River group, but such structures are absent in Luanhe River group. Lateral-line hole and superficial neuromast distribute in the skin of head, body side and tail handle