马尾松林直翅目昆虫群落的时空格局及其多样性和稳定性

在安徽省长江南岸自西向东相同地理纬度的金寺山、戴公山、九连山和麻姑山林场各选面积相等(22 m×22 m) 、林分和立地条件相似的样地2块，1998年8月～1999年7月每月下旬对乔木层、下木层(灌木草本层)、地表和落叶层、土壤层中直翅目昆虫的调查和分析表明：① 红褐斑腿蝗Catantops pinguis( Stal)是各场优势种，东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria anilensis (Meyen)、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis I. Bolivar、日本绿螽斯Holochlora japonica Brunner Wattenwyl和油葫芦Gryllus testaceus Walker为常见种；② 1周年内戴公山、金寺山、麻姑山和九连山林场的物种数、个体数和多样性指数分别是：27、159、1.28 ；26、70、1.32；35、171、1.42和 20、90、1.33；③ 下木层中含有全部调查到的种类和80 %以上的个体；④ 麻姑山林场下木层中植被复杂、盖度大，草本植物比其它林场丰富，生境也较湿润；多年来大面积施药对天敌群落损害较大，可能由于这些因素导致该场蝗虫等直翅目昆虫种类数和个体数较多、群落多样性和恢复力稳定性较强。

Temporal and spatial patterns of orthopteran community andtheir diversity and stability in massion pine stands

Two sampling plots of the same area(22 m×22 m)with the alike stand were respectively selected within the samiliar pine stands in Jinsishan (JSS), Daigongshan (DGS), Jiulianshan (JLS) and Magushan (MGS) Forest Farms alone the south shore of Yangtse River in Anhui Province. Orthopterous insects in tree layer, shrub and herb layer, litter layer and soil layer were investigated in every month from Aug. 1998 to Jul. 1999. The results showed that: ①Catantops pinguis (Stal)was dominant in the 4 forest farms, and Locusta migratoria manilensis(Meyen), Atractomorpha sinensis I. Bolivar, Holochlora japonica Brunner-Wattenwyl and Gryllus testaceus Walker were common ; ② the number of species and of individuals,and the diversity index in DGS, JSS, MGS and JLS Forest Farms were 27, 159, 1.28 ; 26,70,1.32 ; 35,171,1.42 and 20,90,1.33, respectively; ③ all the insect species found and 80 % of individuals were in the shrub and herb layer; ④ plenty of herbs and streams in MGS Forest Farm provided good habitat for the orthopterans and the intensive spray of insecticides for many years favoured their development.It is suggested that heavy depression of their natural enemies by the application of the chemicals resulted in greater diversity and recovery stability of the orthopteran community in this forest farm than in the other ones.