云南哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林附生植物的多样性和分布

附生植物对山地森林生态系统的物种多样性形成及其维持机制、生态系统的水分和养分循环等有重要作用。作者调查分析了云南哀牢山原生山地湿性常绿阔叶林 80株不同种类、不同径级乔木上附生植物种类、数量及空间分布特征,结果表明该区森林附生植物种类较为丰富。共收集到附生植物 69种,分属 33科 49属,其中维管束植物32种,苔藓植物 37种。附生维管束植物的Shannon Wiener指数和Simpson指数分别为 2. 93和 0. 91,附生苔藓植物分别为 3. 31和 0. 95。附生维管束植物中蕨类较为丰富,以棕鳞瓦韦 (Lepisorusscolopendrium)、拟书带蕨 (Vittariaflexuosoides)、柔毛水龙骨(Polypodiodesamoenavar. pilosa)等为主;附生种子植物以黄杨叶芒毛苣苔 (Aeschynanthusbuxifolius)、长叶粗筒苣苔(Briggsialongifolia)、白花树萝卜 (Agapetesmannii)等为主。该地区全年气候潮湿、温凉,使得附生苔藓植物非常丰富,主要优势种类包括东亚鞭苔 (Bazzaniapraerupta)、小叶鞭苔 (B. ovistipula)、齿边广萼苔(Chandonanthushirtellus)、树平藓 (Homaliodendronflabellatum)、刺果藓 (Symphyodonperrottetii)、青毛藓 (Dicran odontiumdenudatum)、小蔓藓(Meteoriellasoluta)、尖喙藓(Kindbergiapraelonga)等。从空间分布特点上看,

Species diversity and distribution of epiphytes in the montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan

Epiphytes play important roles in biodiversity sustainability, water and nutrient cycling in forests. Based on data from 80 host trees, we analyzed the composition and distribution of epiphyte species in the montane moist evergreen broad leaved forest at Xujiaba region, in Ailao Mountain of Yunnan. The results showed that the epiphytes were abundant in this montane forest. In total, 69 epiphyte species belonging to 49 genera and 33 families were identified. Of these, 46.4% and 53.6% were vascular and bryophyte epiphytic species, respectively. The Shannon Wiener index and Simpson index were 2.93 and 0.91 for vascular epiphytic species, and 3.31 and 0.95 for bryophyte epiphyte species, respectively. Among the epiphytic fern species, Lepisorus scolopendrium, Vittaria flexuosoides, and Polypodiodes amoena var. pilosa were abundant. Aeschynanthus buxifolius, Briggsia longifolia and Agapetes mannii were the dominant epiphytic seed plant species. Most trees investigated were covered with rich bryophyte epiphyte species. The common species were Bazzania praerupta, B. ovistipula, Chandonanthus hirtellus, Homaliodendron flabellatum, Symphyodon perrottetii, Dicranodontium denudatum, Meteoriella soluta and Kindbergia praelonga. The bryophyte epiphyte species mainly distributed on the trunks, while vascular epiphyte species were in the tree crowns. A significant positive correlation was found between trunk size and epiphyte association. Major epiphytes, especially larger epiphytic species, occurred on medium and large stems. There was no significant positive relationship between epiphyte species and hosts, although a small number of epiphyte species only occurred on some specific trees.