Evidence for the existence of two new members of the family Chlamydiaceae and proposal of Chlamydia avium sp. nov. and Chlamydia gallinacea sp. nov. |
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| Authors: | Konrad Sachse,Karine Laroucau,Konstantin Riege,Stefanie Wehner,Meik Dilcher,Heather Huot Creasy,Manfred Weidmann,Garry Myers,Fabien Vorimore,Nadia Vicari,Simone Magnino,Elisabeth Liebler-Tenorio,Anke Ruettger,Patrik M. Bavoil,Frank T. Hufert,Ramon Rosselló -Mó ra,Manja Marz |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany;2. University Paris-Est, Anses, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France;3. Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany;4. Department of Virology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Germany;5. Institute for Genome Sciences & Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;6. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Sezione Diagnostica di Pavia, Pavia, Italy;g Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA;h Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The family Chlamydiaceae with the recombined single genus Chlamydia currently comprises nine species, all of which are obligate intracellular organisms distinguished by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. Anecdotal evidence from epidemiological surveys in flocks of poultry, pigeons and psittacine birds have indicated the presence of non-classified chlamydial strains, some of which may act as pathogens. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA and ompA genes, as well as multi-locus sequence analysis of 11 field isolates were conducted. All independent analyses assigned the strains into two different clades of monophyletic origin corresponding to pigeon and psittacine strains or poultry isolates, respectively. Comparative genome analysis involving the type strains of currently accepted Chlamydiaceae species and the designated type strains representing the two new clades confirmed that the latter could be classified into two different species as their average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were always below 94%, both with the closest relative species and between themselves. |
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| Keywords: | Chlamydiaceae Chlamydia avium Chlamydia gallinacea Comparative genome analysis 16S rRNA gene sequence Multi-locus sequence analysis |
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