Advances in genetic analysis and biotechnology of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus |
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Authors: | J M H Stoop H Mooibroek |
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Institution: | (1) Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO-DLO), P.O. Box 17, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands e-mail: a.mooibroek@ato.dlo.nl Fax: +31-317-475347, NL |
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Abstract: | During the last decade several major breakthroughs have been achieved in mushroom biotechnology, which greatly enhanced classical
mushroom breeding. DNA-based technologies such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms and randomly amplified polydisperse
DNA sequences have allowed for a measure of genetic diversity, for the isolation of homokaryons, for the determination of
inheritance of nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and for the production of a genetic linkage map. The recent availability
of ready-to-use and affordable DNA technologies has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of Agaricus bisporus genes that have been identified and characterized. A major breakthrough was achieved in 1996 when the first successful and
stable transformation system of A. bisporus was reported. Together, the availability of an increasing number of known genes and the possibility to produce transgenic
mushrooms will result in a better understanding of the molecular, physiological and biochemical processes that are essential
for mushroom production, shelf life and quality aspects such as flavor, texture and disease resistance. Some potential targets
for strain improvement are discussed, such as the genes involved in brown discoloration, substrate utilization, carbon and
nitrogen metabolism, and fruit body development.
Received: 19 January 1999 / Received revision: 27 May 1999 / Accepted: 4 June 1999 |
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