Optimization of field scale biopiles for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil at low temperature conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) |
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| Institution: | 1. Civil and Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Novel Process & Advanced Engineering Division, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institute Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2. Formosa Petrochemical Co., Kaohsiung, Taiwan;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA;4. Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan;1. Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Spain;2. Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Spain;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Ex-Situ Bioremediation has been increasingly viewed as an appropriate remediation technology for hydrocarbon contaminated soils under cold climates conditions in countries like Canada. A response surface methodology (RSM) based on a factorial design was performed to investigate and optimize the effects of the microbial consortia application rate and amount of mature compost amendment on the TPH removal (964 μg g−1 initial concentration). 18 field-scale biopiles (16 m3 each) were constructed, maintained and subjected to different microbial consortium and mature compost application rates under cold climate conditions over a period of 94 days. TPHs removal rates in the range of 74–82% was observed in the treatments setups where mature compost and microbial consortia were used simultaneously, compared to an average 48% of TPHs removal in control setup.The interaction between these two factors were studied and modelled using a statistical regression model, which showed that the microbial consortia application rate, the mature compost amendment and their interactions had a significant effect on TPHs degradation with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.88. Furthermore, using a numerical optimization approach, the optimum rates predicted via RSM were estimated at 4.1 ml m−3 and 7% for microbial consortia and compost application rates to obtain a maximum TPH removal of 90.7%. |
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| Keywords: | Bioremediation Petroleum hydrocarbons Compost Cold weather Biopiles Consortia Factorial design Response surface methodology |
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