Suppression of pecan and peach pathogens on different substrates using Xenorhabdus bovienii and Photorhabdus luminescens |
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| Institution: | 1. CABI Europe – Switzerland, 1 Rue des Grillons, Delémont CH-2800, Switzerland;2. Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;3. Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;2. Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany;1. Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 09100 Aydin, Turkey;2. Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Byron, GA 31008, USA;3. Adnan Menderes University, Aydin Health Services Vocational School, 09100 Aydin, Turkey;4. Instituto Biologico, APTA, CP 70, Campinas, SP 13001-970, Brazil;5. Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 09100 Aydin, Turkey;6. USDA-ARS, CPRMU, Tifton, GA, USA;1. Lab of Comparative Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy;2. Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Prior research indicated the ability of concentrated metabolites from Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. to suppress a variety of peach and pecan diseases in vitro, and on detached pecan leaves or terminals. In the current study, our objectives were to (1) determine if bacterial broths (in addition to concentrated metabolites tested previously) have suppressive ability and (2) determine if metabolites or bacterial broths are active in a soil medium. In laboratory studies, two pathogens of pecan (Fusicladium effusum and Phytophthora cactorum) and one peach pathogen (Armillaria tabescens) were tested for susceptibility to Xenorhabdus bovienii (SN) and Photorhabdus luminescens (VS) bacterial broths or concentrated metabolites on three different substrates. Treatments were applied to lesions of F. effusum on terminals to ascertain any suppressive effect on sporulation, to A. tabescens in soil to determine effect on survival of mycelia, and to lesions caused by P. cactorum on pecan leaf surfaces to assess any reduction in lesion development. Acetone (the metabolite solvent), un-inoculated media (tryptic soy broth) and water were included as controls. The X. bovienii metabolite treatment was as efficacious as a commercial fungicide (fenbuconazole) in reducing sporulation of F. effusum on pecan terminals. The P. luminescens metabolite treatment also caused reduced sporulation relative to water and acetone controls but bacterial broths had no effect. In contrast, all bacterial broth and metabolite treatments suppressed lesion growth caused by P. cactorum (measured on detached leaves maintained on agar). However, in soil, only the P. luminescens metabolite treatment was suppressive to A. tabescens (this is the first report of Photorhabdus or Xenorhabdus toxicity to Armillaria spp.). This study provides a basis for further research on the use of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus metabolites or bacterial broth for suppression of pecan and peach diseases. |
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| Keywords: | Biological control Plant disease |
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