The complete mitochondrial genome of Taeniogonalos taihorina (Bischoff) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) reveals a novel gene rearrangement pattern in the Hymenoptera |
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Authors: | Qiu-Ling Wu Qian Li Yun Gu Bao-Cai Shi Cees van Achterberg Shu-Jun Wei Xue-Xin Chen |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;2. College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;3. Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;4. Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands |
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Abstract: | The family Trigonalyidae is considered to be one of the most basal lineages in the suborder Apocrita of Hymenoptera. Here, we determine the first complete mitochondrial genome of the Trigonalyidae, from the species Taeniogonalos taihorina (Bischoff, 1914). This mitochondrial genome is 15,927 bp long, with a high A + T-content of 84.60%. It contains all of the 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and an A + T-rich region. The orders and directions of all genes are different from those of previously reported hymenopteran mitochondrial genomes. Eight tRNA genes, three protein-coding genes and the A + T-rich region were rearranged, with the dominant gene rearrangement events being translocation and local inversion. The arrangements of three tRNA clusters, trnY–trnM–trnI–trnQ, trnW–trnL2–trnC, and trnH–trnA–trnR–trnN–trnS–trnE–trnF, and the position of the cox1 gene, are novel to the Hymenoptera, even the insects. Six long intergenic spacers are present in the genome. The secondary structures of the RNA genes are normal, except for trnS2, in which the D-stem pairing is absent. |
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Keywords: | atp6 ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 atp8 ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 cob cytochrome b cox1 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 cox2 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 cox3 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 nad1 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 nad2 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 nad3 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 nad4 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 nad4l NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4l nad5 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 nad6 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 rrnL mitochondrial 16s ribosomal RNA rrnS mitochondrial 12s ribosomal RNA trnX transfer RNA genes with isotype given in single-letter symbols of amino acid codes |
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