Daily Liquorice Consumption for Two Weeks Increases Augmentation Index and Central Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure |
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| Authors: | Miia H. Leskinen Elina J. Hautaniemi Anna M. Tahvanainen Jenni K. Koskela Marika P??llysaho Antti J. Tikkakoski Mika K?h?nen Tiit K??bi Onni Niemel? Jukka Mustonen Ilkka H. P?rsti |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.; 2. Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.; 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.; Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan, |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundLiquorice ingestion often elevates blood pressure, but the detailed haemodynamic alterations are unknown. We studied haemodynamic changes induced by liquorice consumption in 20 subjects versus 30 controls with average blood pressures of 120/68 and 116/64 mmHg, respectively.MethodsHaemodynamic variables were measured in supine position before and after two weeks of liquorice consumption (daily glycyrrhizin dose 290–370 mg) with tonometric recording of radial blood pressure, pulse wave analysis, and whole-body impedance cardiography. Thirty age-matched healthy subjects maintaining their normal diet were studied as controls.ResultsTwo weeks of liquorice ingestion elevated peripheral and central systolic and diastolic blood pressure (by 7/4 and 8/4 mmHg, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2-11/1-8 and 3-13/1-8, respectively, P<0.05), and increased extracellular volume by 0.5 litres (P<0.05 versus controls). Also augmentation index adjusted to heart rate 75/min (from 7% to 11%, 95% CI for change 0.3-7.5, P<0.05) and aortic pulse pressure (by 4 mmHg, 95% CI 1-7, P<0.05) were elevated indicating increased wave reflection from the periphery. In contrast, peripheral (−3/−0.3 mmHg) and central blood pressure (−2/−0.5 mmHg), aortic pulse pressure (−1 mmHg), and augmentation index adjusted to heart rate 75/min (from 9% to 7%) decreased numerically but not statistically significantly without changes in extracellular volume in the control group. Heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, and pulse wave velocity did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsTwo weeks of daily liquorice consumption increased extracellular volume, amplified pressure wave reflection from the periphery, and elevated central systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Trial RegistrationEU Clinical Trials Register EudraCT 2006-002065-39ClinicalTrials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01742702","term_id":"NCT01742702"}}NCT01742702 |
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