生物合成材料聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)的研究进展

聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)是原核微生物在碳、氮营养失衡的情况下,作为碳源和能源贮存在生物体内的一类热塑性聚酯.它作为微生物合成的可降解材料,除了具有与化学合成高分子相似的性质外,还具有一般化学合成高分子没有的性质,如光学活性好、透氧性低、抗紫外线辐射、生物可降解性、生物组织相容性、压电性和抗凝血性等,具有广阔的应用前景,越来越受到人们的关注.国内外的许多公司和科研机构纷纷开展可降解塑料的研发工作.着重介绍了PHB的理化性质、检测方法、生物合成、降解以及基因改良菌种方面的研究进展,同时对其应用、目前存在的问题以及可能的解决方案进行了讨论.

Advances in PHB Synthesized by Microorganism

PHB is a kind of polyester stored in organism body as carbon source and energy source,when prokaryotes is in imbalance of carbon and nitrogen nourishment.As a kind of degradable microorganism material,besides the similar characteristics with chemosynthesis macromolecule,it also shows some other characteristics that are not obtained by ordinary chemosynthesis macromolecule,such as,good optic activity,low oxygen filtering ability,anti-ultraviolet radiation,biological degradability,biological organism consistency,piezoelectricity,anti-cruor,and so on.It has a promising future and has attracted more and more attention from people.Many companies and research institutes both at home and abroad have carried out the research and development work on degradable plastic.Advances in the physical-chemical feature,inspecting method,biosynthesis,degradability,and genetic improvement of bacterium are mainly introduced,and its current application,existing problems,and possible resolving principles are discussed.