肠道微生态与肥胖

人的肠道是一个丰富的微生态系统，含有100万亿多的微生物，种类多达500-1000个，这些微生物的基因总数是人体基因组所含基因总数的100倍。肠道微生物丛的组成种类和数量与宿主的肥胖有关，无菌小鼠含有的脂肪量比正常饲养小鼠低42％，如果将微生物丛植入到无菌小鼠体内后，导致脂肪总量增加57％。提示肠道微生物丛可以明显的促进小鼠对热能的摄人，促使脂肪的沉积，触动全身性炎症反应。因此，对肥胖的治疗可以采用益生菌和益生元来调节肠道微生物丛的状态以期获得治疗效果。本研究述及肠道微生丛对宿主肥胖及其代谢机制的研究进展。

Gut microbial ecosystem and obesity

The human gut is a lush microbial ecosystem containing about 100 trillion microorganisms.The microbiota may contain approximately 500 to 1000 species;the microbiome contains 100-fold more genes than the entire human genome does.The germ-free mice had 42% less total body fat than their normal counterparts,even though they consumed 29% more food.Furthermore,transplantation of cecal microbiota from normal mice into the germ-free mice(a process known as conventionalization) resulted in a 57% increase in total body fat and insulin resistance without any increase in food consumption or changes in energy expenditure.These findings suggest that the presence of gut microbiota significantly increases the energy harvest from diet and promotes fat deposition,and triggering systemic inflammation.Future treatments for obesity may involve modulation of gut microbiota using probiotics or prebiotics.We summarize some of the studies that have advanced the understanding of the microbiome and its effects on metabolism,obesity and health.