Vegetation Dynamics on Sediment Deposits Upstream of Bioengineering Works in Mountainous Marly Gullies in a Mediterranean Climate (Southern Alps, France)

Current erosion-control studies in mountainous catchments emphasize the effectiveness of bioengineering works in constructing vegetation barriers that are designed to trap and permanently retain sediment upstream of such barriers. Plant establishment and succession should result in colonisation of these sediment deposits, thereby improving the trapping capacity of the works. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the natural vegetation to colonise and grow on sediment accumulated upstream of 29 bioengineering works. They were constructed on the channel bottom of two marly gullies in the mountainous Southern French Alps region, which has a Mediterranean climate. We analysed the soil seed bank in sediment deposits after a germination experiment conducted in the laboratory, where soil cores were placed in a non-limited water condition. We also determined the standing vegetation which developed on the sediment deposits on field sites over 2 years of drought (2003 and 2004). The results show that the number of plants was 80/m² on average in the samples studied in the laboratory, vs. 31/m² in 2003 and 20/m² in 2004 on the field sites, with a total diversity of 40 species. Therefore, despite 2 years of drought, natural plant colonisation occurred on the sediment deposits. An improvement in soil water conditions slightly increases the capacity of the sediment deposits to allow seed germination. However, despite the initial success in vegetation colonisation, plant abundance and recovery were rather low, which suggests that vegetation established itself very slowly.