阔叶百里香鲜、干茎叶精油成分及其抑菌效果

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析阔叶百里香(Thymus pulegioides)鲜、干茎叶精油含油率、化学组成及其相对含量的差异，并比较精油对链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)和意大利青霉(Penicillium italicum)的抑制效果。鲜、干茎叶含精油率分别为0.53%、0.37%，分别鉴定出35、40种化合物，其主要化学成分相同，均含有百里香酚(鲜样31.30%，干样26.82%)、麝香草酚甲醚、右旋龙脑和邻伞花烃等，只是相对含量略有差异；在抑菌实验中，百里香精油对链格孢菌的抑制作用最为明显，其次是意大利青霉和粉红单端孢。鲜、干阔叶百里香精油的组分较为接近，相对含量略有差异；阔叶百里香精油对3种真菌具有较好的抑制效果，且鲜样精油的抑菌效果好于干样精油。

Component Analysis and Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Fresh and Dry Leaves and Stems of Thymus pulegioides

The essential oil from fresh and dry leaves and stems of Thymus pulegioides was extracted, and their components were detected and identified, and their antibacterial effects were analyzed, so as to provide the basis for the development and application of thyme in this region. Contents of essential oil from fresh and dry thyme were analyzed and compared, by steam distillation extraction and GC-MS. And antibacterial effects of the two essential oils from fresh and dry samples on Alternaria alternate, Trichothecium roseum and Penicillium italicum were compared. The essential oil contents in fresh and dry samples were 0.53% and 0.37%, and total of 35 and 40 compositions were identified, respectively. They had similar main compositions: Thymol(fresh 31.30%, dry 26.82%), 3-methoxy-p-cymene, Borneol and o-Cymene and so on, and these compositions were slightly different in contents. In addition，the inhibitory effect of thyme essential oil on Alternaria alternate was the most significant, the second was Penicillium italicum and Trichothecium roseum. The compositions of essential oils from fresh and dry samples were similar, and the relative contents were slightly different. The essential oil of thyme had a good inhibitory effect on 3 species of fungi, and the antibacterial effect of essential oil of fresh samples was better than that of dry ones.