Peculiarities of the antioxidant activity of tissues of rheophilic zoobenthic species in accordance to the results of chemiluminescent analysis

Adaptations of living organisms to the environment are formed and manifested at different levels, from molecular to biocoenotic. Nowadays, the metabolic antioxidant system (AOS) is considered the key part of the process of adaptation; its activation is considered a general response of biota to the negative effect of the environment. The usage of AOS components as biomarkers of the stress condition in hydrobionts has good prospects; it is actively applied in the monitoring of aquatic ecosystems. Here, the kinetics of the free radical formation in various zoobenthic species from the Yenisei River (amphipods, oligochaetes, leeches, and chironomids) and in the amphipods from the Us River (a small mountain river, the Yenisei tributary) is analyzed. The parameters of kinetics of radical formation were registered in vitro in the homogenates of hydrobionts tissues under the initiation of the oxidative stress by the hydrogen peroxide using luminol-dependent chemoluminescence. In amphipods, unlike other invertebrates, the antioxidative activity is characterized by two chemiluminescent peaks. In addition, the kinetics of free radical elaboration has interspecific and agerelated variability in amphipods. In Gmelinoides fasciatus Stebb., the peak of the free radical elaboration and their total number significantly exceeded these parameters for Gammarus sp. and Eulimnogammarus viridis Dybowsky in a 60-min period. The increase of the production of free radicals in E. viridis and Gammarus sp. and its decrease in G. fasciatus were age-dependent. A significantly higher production of free radicals has been registered in G. fasciatus and E. viridis inhabiting the zone of elevated anthropogenic load in the Yenisei River.