天麻消化紫萁小菇及蜜环菌过程中细胞超微结构变化的研究

本文对天麻种子消化入侵的紫萁小菇菌丝及营养繁殖茎消化蜜环菌过程中,细胞超微结构的变化进行了研究。观察结果表明:紫萁小菇侵入种胚后,染菌胚细胞的细胞器逐渐消失,其细胞质产生囊状体起消化菌丝的作用,存在于胚细胞中的紫萁小菇菌丝有脱壁或失去细胞质成为空腔等变化;种子萌发形成的原球茎消化紫萁小菇的方式同胚萌发阶段类同。蜜环菌侵入原球茎分化的营养繁殖茎后,皮层细胞产生消化酶类颗粒或囊状体包围并分解蜜环菌菌丝;被皮层细胞消化的菌丝残物或部分菌丝进入皮层内面的大型细胞,此时大型细胞的代谢功能显著增强,该细胞中的各种水解酶颗粒及液泡等完成对菌体物质的最终同化。紫萁小菇及蜜环菌先后在天麻有性繁殖和无性繁殖阶段侵染供给其营养,但菌丝被消化过程中的细胞形态变化、被消化方式不完全一致。

STUDIES ON THE CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE IN THE COURSE OF GASTRODIA ELATA DIGESTING MYCENA OSMUNDICOLA LANGE AND ARMILLARIA MELLEA FR.

Seed germination in G.elata depends on the existence of M.osmundicola in the infected embryonic cells of the plant.However,further growth of the plant corms only occurs after the invasion of A.mellea.In the present study,the ultrastructural changes in the plant cell-fungus were investigated by means of electron-microscopy at the early stage of G.data development.The result showed that disappearance of organelles and development of a great number of sacs could be noticed in the embryonic cells after the infection of M. osmundicola.The sacs enclosed and then digested the hyphae,turning some of them into em- pty cavities by destroying their cytoplasm.The way of digesting M.osmundicola by corm cells was the same as in embryonic cells.When A.mellea entered the vegetative propagative corms,cortex cells producted many grains or sacs which surrounded A.mellea hyphae and collapsed them at last.The survival hyphae from cortex cells entered the large cells,the va- cuoles in those cells completed the final digestion of the hyphae.M.osmundicola and A.mellea infected and supplied nutrition successively for sexual and asexual reproduction of G.data, but the changes of cell structure and the ways of hyphae being digested were different.