The importance of heparan sulfate in herpesvirus infection |
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Authors: | Christopher D O’Donnell Deepak Shukla |
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Institution: | Departmendt of Microbiology and Immunlolgy,Colletge of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago,IL 60612,USA;Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences ,College of Medicine,University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago,IL 60612,USA |
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Abstract: | Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is one of many pathogens that use the cell surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate as a receptor.Heparan sulfate is highly expressed on the surface and extracellular matrix of virtually all cell types making it an ideal receptor.Heparan sulfate interacts with HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins gB and gC during the initial attachment step during HSV-1 entry.In addition,a modified form of heparan sulfate,known as 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate,interacts with HSV-1 gD to induce fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membrane.The 3-O-sulfation of heparan sulfate is a rare modification which occurs during the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that is carded out by a family of enzymes known as 3-O-sulfotransferases.Due to its involvement in multiple steps of the infection process,heparan sulfate has been a prime target for the development of agents to inhibit HSV entry.Understanding how heparan sulfate functions during HSV-1 infection may not only be critical for inhibiting infection by this virus,but it may also be crucial in the fight against many other pathogens as well. |
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Keywords: | Heparan sulfate (HS) Herpesviruses Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) 3-O-sulfotransferases Viral entry |
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