TLR2 signalling: At the crossroads of commensalism,invasive infections and toxic shock syndrome by Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Authors: | Tina Mele Joaquín Madrenas |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Surgery; Centre for Human Immunology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5K8;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Centre for Human Immunology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5K8;1. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;2. Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany;1. Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;2. Nano Life Science Institute (WPI Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;1. Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi''an 710038, Shaanxi, PR China;2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, People''s Hospital of BaoJi City, Baoji 721000, Shaanxi, PR China;1. Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran;2. School of Biomolecular and Physical Science, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University Nathan, Queensland, Australia;1. Heller Institute of Medical Research, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;2. Rheumatology Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;3. Department of Internal Medicine F, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;5. The Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Although up to 60% of the population at any one time carry Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) without significant clinical consequences, infections by S. aureus are a major health care threat in the Western world. The underlying mechanisms that determine this two-sided interaction between S. aureus and the human immune system are unknown. Work on the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections and toxic shock syndrome may provide unexpected clues to understand the duality of such an interaction. Recent evidence suggests that the cell wall of S. aureus contains peptidoglycan-embedded TLR2 ligands that not only act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which trigger pro-inflammatory innate immune responses, but also can act as anti-inflammatory modulators of the pathogenicity by this microbe and its toxins. Here, we discuss this theme in the context of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and explore its implications on the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat S. aureus infections. |
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