Monophyly of Opisthorchis viverrini populations in the lower Mekong Basin,using mitochondrial DNA nad1 gene as the marker |
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| Authors: | Urusa Thaenkham Supaporn Nuamtanong Surapol Sa-nguankiat Tippayarat Yoonuan Sarun Touch Khemphavanh Manivong Youthanavanh Vonghachack Megumi Sato Jitra Waikagul |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;2. Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;3. Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;5. The London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Faculty of Medicine (St Mary''s Campus), Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK;6. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine (St Mary''s Campus), Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK;7. Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathobiology and Popluation Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Campus, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK;8. Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand;9. Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;10. Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;11. Institute of Zoology 1: Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kornblumen Strasse 13, Karlsruhe, Germany;1. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;2. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;3. Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany;4. National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;5. Medical and Diagnostics Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;1. National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Cambodia;2. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;3. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;4. Preah Vihear Provincial Health Department, Ministry of Health, Cambodia;1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China;5. Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, causes serious public-health problems in the Lower Mekong Basin. This study aimed to clarify whether O. viverrini populations may be genetically divided into sub-specific taxa. We collected 6 populations of O. viverrini from different places in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand, along both sides of the Mekong River, and analyzed the population structure of these using the mitochondrial nad1 gene as a marker. The results of the DNA polymorphism measurements, by theta-w (θw) and -π (θπ) values, neutrality tests, and mismatch distribution, suggested that the population of O. viverrini has expanded under the influence of purifying selection and selective sweep. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test revealed no significant genetic differences among the O. viverrini populations on opposite sides of the Mekong River. O. viverrini haplotypes occurred in multiple populations, and no distinct geographical clade. The star-like haplotype network confirmed a demographic expansion of the O. viverrini population. Overall, the genetic data from these populations suggested that the postulated existence of an O. viverrini species complex should be rejected. The bio-geographical diversity of O. viverrini populations should be explored further, using other appropriate markers and a wider range of samples from geographically different areas. |
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