年轻健康正常人单次精准功率运动前后脉搏波波形特征个体化分析研究*

目的: 观察研究年轻健康正常人的静息桡动脉脉搏波特征及单次个体化运动后脉搏波的变化情况。方法: 选取阜外医院年轻健康、无任何疾病诊断的正常人16例,首先完成症状限制性极限心肺运动试验（CPET）,根据CPET计算Δ50%功率为个体化精准运动强度,完成持续30 min的单次运动。于运动前和运动后10 min、20 min、30 min分别测量50 s桡动脉脉搏波,先用软件自动定点再人工复检得到每个脉搏波特征点：起始点（B）、主波波峰点（P1）、重搏波波谷点（PL）、重搏波波峰点（P2）、结束点（E）,从仪器中导出各点对应的横坐标（时间T）和纵坐标（幅值Y）的原始数据,将上一个脉搏波的结束点E视为下一个波的起始点B,TB归零,得到主要观察指标：YB、YP1、YPL、YP2及TP1、TPL、TP2、TE,并计算出ΔYP1（YP1-YB）、ΔYPL（YPL-YB）、ΔYP2（YP2-YB）,TE-TPL、（TE-TPL）/TPL、脉率,S1（主波升支斜率）、S2（重搏波升支斜率）,ΔYP2-ΔYPL、TP2-TPL作为次要观察指标;定义波峰明显的重搏波为YP2>YPL,计算波峰明显的重搏波出现率（50 s内YP2>YPL的波形个数/波形总个数×100%）;对每位患者运动前后的50 s脉搏波数据个体化分析,再将所有数据求均值进行整体分析。结果: ①16例年轻健康受试者（男10女6）,年龄（30.6±6.4,24~48）岁;身高（170.4±8.2, 160~188）cm;体质量（63.9±12.8, 43~87）kg。②静息时YB（87.2±5.8,78.1~95.9）、YP1（223.5±15.8,192.7~242.3）、YPL（122.8±7.8,110.0~133.8）、YP2（131.4±4.9,116.7~137.5）、TP1（126.2±42.2,94.2~280.0）、TPL（360.2±44.8,311.5~507.3）、TP2（432.4±50.8,376.2~589.0）、TE（899.7±86.9,728.3~1042.0）;ΔYP1（136.3±19.9,96.8~158.6）、ΔYPL（35.7±10.7,16.0~55.7）、ΔYP2（44.3±8.1,22.5~56.5）、TE-TPL（539.5±79.3,405.9~691.3）、（TE-TPL）/TPL（1.5±0.3,0.8~2.0）、脉率（67.3±6.6,57.6~82.4）、S1（1.1±0.2,0.6~1.4）、S2（0.1±0.1,0.0~0.2）、ΔYP2-ΔYPL（8.6±6.1,0.9 ~19.8）、TP2-TPL（72.3±19.9,38.3~108.4）。③运动后10 min, YPL（97.0±13.2比122.8±7.8）、YP2（109.6±12.8比131.4±4.9）、ΔYPL（6.6±9.8比35.7±10.7）、ΔYP2（19.3±11.2比44.3±8.1）显著减小,TE（667.8±123.1比899.7±86.9）、TE-TPL（330.2±128.4比539.5±79.3）、（TE-TPL）/TPL（1.0±0.4比1.5±0.3）显著减小,而脉率（92.2±14.0比67.3±6.6）、ΔYP2-ΔYPL（12.7±9.7比8.6±6.1）、 TP2-TPL（98.0±38.1比72.3±19.9）显著增大（P均<0.05）。运动后20 min和30 min的脉搏波变化趋势与运动后10 min保持一致,但从20 min开始大部分指标逐渐向运动前静息水平恢复。④静息时16例正常人波峰明显的重搏波出现率为94.5%,运动后10 min（96.3%）、20 min（98.5%）、30 min（99.8%）的出现率升高（P均<0.01）。其中10例运动前后波峰明显的重搏波出现率均维持在100%左右;2例运动前出现率已达100%,但运动后10 min有所降低,后又继续升高,30 min时恢复到100%;3例静息出现率偏低,运动后升高近100%;还有1例仅运动后20 min出现率偏低,考虑人为因素影响。结论: 运动对正常人脉搏波的影响主要体现在重搏波上;整体上看,单次精准功率运动后,重搏波位置降低、幅度加深,波峰明显的重搏波出现率普遍提高,且这种改变至少能维持30 min;从个体上看,每位受试者的反应又有所不同。

Individualization analysis of pulse wave shape characteristics before and after single precise power exercise in young healthy subjects

Objective: To observe and study the resting radial artery pulse wave and the pulse wave changes after a single individualized exercise in young healthy normal subjects. Methods: We selected 16 young healthy graduate students, advanced training doctors, and visiting scholars from Fuwai Hospital without any disease diagnosis and low daily exercise. They first completed the symptom-restricted limit cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). A single individualized exercise with Δ50% power as the exercise intensity was completed within one week after CPET. We measured and recorded 50 s pulse wave data before exercise and 10 min, 20 min, 30min after exercise, let the instrument automatically fix the point and then manually recheck to obtain each pulse wave characteristic point: starting point (B), main wave peak point (P1), trough of a repulse point (PL), crest of a repulse point (P2), and end point (E), and the raw data of the abscissa (time T) and ordinate (amplitude Y) corresponding to each point were derived from the instrument. We treated the end point E of the previous pulse wave as the start point B of the next wave, returned TB to zero, and got the main observation indicators: YB, YP1, YPL, YP2 and TP1, TPL, TP2, TE, and calculated out ΔYP1 (YP1-YB), ΔYPL (YPL-YB), ΔYP2 (YP2-YB), TE-TPL, (TE-TPL)/TPL, pulse rate, S1 (the slope of main wave ascending branch), S2 (the slope of dicrotic ascending branch), ΔYP2-ΔYPL and TP2-TPL as secondary observation indicators; defined the dicrotic wave with obvious crest as YP2>YPL, and calculated the occurrence rate of dicrotic wave with obvious crest (number of waveforms with YP2>YPL in 50 s /total number of waveforms×100%). We analyzed individually the 50 s pulse wave data of each subject before and after exercise, and then averaged all the data for overall analysis. Results: ①16 healthy young subjects (males 10, females 6), age (30.6±6.4, 24~48) years old; height (170.4±8.2, 160~188) cm; body mass (63.9±12.8, 43~87) kg. ②YB (87.2±5.8, 78.1~95.9), YP1 (223.5±15.8, 192.7~242.3), YPL (122.8±7.8, 110.0~133.8), YP2 (131.4±4.9, 116.7~137.5), TP1 (126.2±42.2, 94.2~280.0), TPL (360.2±44.8, 311.5~507.3), TP2 (432.4±50.8, 376.2~589.0), TE (899.7±86.9, 728.3~1042.0). ΔYP1 (136.3±19.9, 96.8~ 158.6), ΔYPL (35.7±10.7, 16.0~55.7), ΔYP2 (44.3±8.1, 22.5~56.5), TE-TPL (539.5±79.3, 405.9~691.3), (TE-TPL)/TPL (1.5±0.3, 0.8~2.0), pulse rate (67.3±6.6, 57.6~82.4), S1 (1.1±0.2, 0.6~1.4), S2 (0.1±0.1, 0.0~0.2), ΔYP2-ΔYPL (8.6±6.1, 0.9 ~19.8), TP2-TPL (72.3±19.9, 38.3~108.4). ③10 min after exercise, YPL (97.0±13.2 vs 122.8±7.8), YP2 (109.6±12.8 vs 131.4±4.9), ΔYPL (6.6±9.8 vs 35.7±10.7), ΔYP2 (19.3±11.2 vs 44.3±8.1), TE (667.8±123.1 vs 899.7±86.9), TE-TPL (330.2±128.4 vs 539.5±79.3), (TE-TPL)/TPL (1.0±0.4 vs 1.5±0.3) decreased, while the pulse rate (92.2± 14.0 vs 67.3±6.6), ΔYP2-ΔYPL (12.7±9.7 vs 8.6±6.1), TP2-TPL (98.0±38.1 vs 72.3±19.9) increased (all P<0.05). The trend of pulse wave changes at 20 min and 30 min after exercise was consistent with that at 10 min after exercise, but from 20 min, most of the indicators gradually recovered to the resting level before exercise. ④The incidence of dicrotic waves with obvious peaks in 16 young healthy persons at rest was 94.5%, and increased at 10 min (96.3%), 20 min (98.5%), and 30 min (99.8%) after exercise (all P<0.01). Among them, the incidence of dicrotic waves with obvious peaks before and after exercise was maintained at about 100% in 10 subjects. The appearance rate of 2 cases had reached 100% before exercise, but it decreased at 10 minutes after exercise, and then continued to increase, at 30 minutes recovered to 100%. Three subjects had a low resting rate and started to increase after exercise. In 1 case, the rate was low only 20 minutes after exercise, considering the influence of human factors. Conclusion: The influence of exercise on the pulse wave of normal people is mainly reflected in the dicrotic wave. On the whole, after a single precise power exercise, the position of the dicrotic wave is reduced, the amplitude is deepened, and the appearance rate of the dicrotic wave with obvious crest is generally increased, and this change can be maintained for at least 30 minutes. From an individual point of view, the response trend of each subject is different.