脂质在卵母细胞发育过程中的双重作用

卵母细胞是雌性动物的生殖细胞,其质量决定雌性动物的繁殖能力。卵母细胞含有丰富的脂质,大部分以甘油三酯的形式储存在脂滴中。脂滴的大小、颜色以及分布模式与卵母细胞的发育能力相关。卵母细胞中甘油三酯可以脂解为脂肪酸,脂肪酸的β-氧化是卵母细胞和早期胚胎发育的重要能量来源。卵母细胞中脂质沉积过多会增加活性氧的含量(reactive oxygen species,ROS),并且破坏线粒体和内质网的功能,最终使卵母细胞的发育受阻。本文通过总结卵母细胞中脂质对卵母细胞发育的积极与消极两个方面的作用,为读者展示脂质在卵母细胞发育过程中的双重作用,让读者辩证地了解脂质对卵母细胞发育的影响。

Dual Roles of Lipid in Oocyte Development

Oocytes are the germ cells of female animals, which determine the reproductive ability offemale animals. A large amount of lipids are present in oocytes, which are found in lipid droplets mostly in the form of triglycerides. The size, color and distribution pattern of lipid droplets are associated with the developmental ability of oocytes. Triglycerides could be lipolyzed into fatty acids in oocytes. The fatty acid β-oxidation is an important energy source for the development of oocytes and early embryos. However, excessive lipid deposition would increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the dysfunction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, eventually impairing the subsequentoocyte development. By summarizing the positive and negative effects of lipids on oocyte development, this review shows the dual roles of lipids in oocyte development, and discusses the effects of lipids on oocyte development.