适配体结合蛋白质靶标的亲和力表征方法及其在疾病诊断中的应用

核酸适配体是通过体外指数富集配体系统进化（SELEX）技术筛选获得，并能够和蛋白质靶标高特异性、高亲和力结合的单链寡核苷酸。核酸适配体不但具有抗体的识别特性，而且具有自己独特的优良性能，目前已应用于分析检验、食品安全和生物医药等各个领域。蛋白质具有多种多样的生物功能以及临床诊断价值。因此，核酸适配体针对蛋白质靶标并在蛋白质相关的基础研究领域受到广泛的关注。核酸适配体应用性能的优劣取决于与其靶标蛋白质的亲和力与特异性。本文主要综述核酸适配体对蛋白质靶标的亲和力表征方法，以及在药物研发、肿瘤检测、生物成像以及生物传感器方面的应用。

Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Protein Targets: Affinity Characterization Methods and Applications in Disease Diagnostics

Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides with high specificity and high affinity to the target molecules that have been selected using in vitro techniques of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Aptamers not only have the molecular recognition properties of antibodies, but also show unique merits itself. So it has been applied in analysis and inspection, food safety, biological medicine and other fields. Protein targets have a variety of biological functions, and clinical diagnostic values. So aptamers against proteins have attracted great attention in the last decade, and are widely used in basic research and clinical applications. The performance of aptamers depends on their affinity and specificity. This article mainly reviews the affinity characterization methods of the protein targets as well as their applications in drug development, tumor detection, biological imaging and biosensor.