太行山片麻岩山区造地边坡植被恢复过程中植物多样性与土壤特性的演变

为了探究太行山片麻岩山区造地后坡面植被的演变规律,以太行山片麻岩山区不同治理年限的坡面为研究对象,研究了坡面的植被状况与土壤理化性状。结果表明:随着治理年限的增加,坡面植被覆盖度、地上生物量和植物种类均显著增加,分别由第2年的18.00%、67.52 g/m~2、10种增加到了第7年的92.67%、379.91 g/m~2、19种。随治理年限的增加,坡面土壤的理化性质得到改善,土壤容重由第2年的1.40 g/cm~3降低到了第7年的1.29 g/cm~3,土壤有机质含量由第2年的4.91 g/kg增加到了第7年的7.18 g/kg;土壤总孔隙度、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量分别由第2年的47.15%、0.17 g/kg、16.10 mg/kg、26.58 mg/kg增加到了第6年的51.60%、0.61 g/kg、62.18 mg/kg、57.40 mg/kg,在第7年又分别降低为51.42%、0.50 g/kg、37.80 mg/kg、30.90 mg/kg。坡面植被多样性与土壤多项理化性状表现为显著相关。随着治理年限延长,造地后的坡面土壤的理化性质发生改变,土壤有效养分增多,持水能力增强,植被覆盖度与植物种类均显著增加,植物多样性稳步提高,生态环境得到有效改善。

Evolution of plant species diversity and soil characteristics on hillslopes during vegetation restoration in the gneiss region of the Taihang Mountains after reclamation

To explore the evolution of the slope vegetation in the gneiss region of the Taihang Mountains after reclamation, the vegetation on the hillslope and the physical and chemical properties of the hillslope soil after differing years of reclamation in the gneiss region of the Taihang Mountains were studied. The results showed that as the reclamation years passed, the vegetation coverage increased from 18.00% in the 2nd year to 92.67% in the 7th year, above-ground biomass increased from 67.52 g/m² in the 2nd year to 379.91 g/m² in the 7th year, and the plant species grown on the hillslope increased from 10 species in the 2nd year to 19 species in the 7th year. As the reclamation years passed, the physical and chemical properties of the hillslope soil were also improved, as follows:soil bulk density decreased from 1.40 g/cm³ in the 2nd year to 1.29 g/cm³ in the 7th year; soil organic matter content increased from 4.91 g/kg in the 2nd year to 7.18 g/kg in the 7th year; total soil porosity increased from 47.15% in the 2nd year to 51.6% in 6th year, and then decreased to 50.04% in the 7th year; soil total nitrogen content increased from 0.17 g/kg in the 2nd year to 0.61 g/kg in the 6th year, and then decreased to 0.50 g/kg in the 7th year; soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased from 16.10 mg/kg in the 2nd year to 62.18 mg/kg in the 6th year, and then decreased to 37.80 mg/kg in the 7th year; soil available potassium content increased from 26.58 mg/kg in the 2nd year to 57.40 mg/kg in the 6th year, and then decreased to 30.90 mg/kg in the 7th year. There were significant correlations among vegetation diversity on the hillslope and soil physical and chemical properties. As the reclamation years passed, the physical and chemical properties of the hillslope soil were improved, the soil available nutrients increased, soil water holding capacity was enhanced, vegetation coverage and plant species increased significantly, plant diversity improved steadily, and the ecological environment was effectively improved.