性激素反馈调节下丘脑ARC和AVPV中kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路的核团差异

下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴是调控生殖系统的发育和功能的重要内分泌系统。下丘脑中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）神经元，能够接收各种神经传导物质和神经调节物质的信号输入，引起HPG轴的级联反应。下丘脑弓状核(ARC）和前腹侧脑室周围核团(AVPV）中的kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路，可以调控GnRH的分泌和释放，影响性腺激素的分泌。近年来研究发现，性激素能够对下丘脑kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路产生反馈调节，且具有核团差异性。本文就性激素在下丘脑ARC和AVPV中对kisspeptin-GPR54信号通路反馈调节的差异性进行了综述，探讨下丘脑中不同核团对性激素刺激作用产生的不同反应。

The Feedback Mechanism of Sex Steroid Regulating ARC and AVPV Nuclei in the Hypothalamic by the Kisspeptin-GPR54 Signaling Pathway

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis is critical for many neuroendocrine aspects of fertility. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus can receive signal transduction of various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, which in turn causes the reaction cascade of the HPG axis. Kisspeptin and its receptor GPR54 were identified primarily in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the anterior ventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). They participate in the feedback of GnRH secretion. Recent studies found that sex steroids can produce feedback regulation of the hypothalamic kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling pathway and different nuclei has regional differences. In this paper, we review the differences in the negative feedback of the kissinptin-GPR54 signaling pathway in the hypothalamic ARC and AVPV, and discuss the different responses of distinct nuclei in the hypothalamus to sex steroids.