水稻害虫的可持续治理及经济效益评估

以对白背飞虱具有不同抗性的水稻品种嘉花1号（抗白背飞虱粳稻品种）和汕优63（感虫杂交稻）为试材，研究了不同杀虫剂处理对水稻害虫数量及稻米品质和产量的影响，并对其经济效益进行了评估.结果表明，无杀虫剂处理的嘉花1号上白背飞虱的高峰虫量仅为汕优63的1/10，在整个水稻生长季节，嘉花1号上的白背飞虱种群数量始终处于经济危害水平以下，而汕优63却受到白背飞虱的严重危害；无杀虫剂处理的蜘蛛数量比农户管理小区高3～7倍.不施用杀虫剂处理的嘉花1号和汕优63的产量分别下降11.8%和43.4%.与不施杀虫剂处理相比，1次杀虫剂处理的嘉花1号和汕优63的实际经济收入分别下降0.9%～2.6%和2.6%～4.7%，完全不施用杀虫剂时，汕优63的实际经济收入减少32.9%～36.1%，而嘉花1号反而增收2.2%～4.8%.此外，无杀虫剂处理嘉花1号的稻谷收入为9403元·hm^-2，明显高于3种杀虫剂处理的汕优63（8632元·hm^-2）.杀虫剂处理不影响嘉花1号和汕优63的稻米加工、外观和食用品质，却降低了其蛋白质含量.

Sustainable rice pest management and its economic benefits

With rice varieties Jiahua 1 (resistant to the white backed plant hopper Sogatella furcifera) and Shanyou 63 (susceptible) as test materials, this paper studied the effects of different insecticide treatments on the pest population and quality and yield of rice grain, and evaluated their actual economic benefits (AEB). The results indicated that in the control plot, the peak density of S. furcifera on Jiahua 1 was only 1/10 of that on Shanyou 63. Throughout the whole rice growth period, the S. furcifera population on Jiahua 1 kept below economic injury level, while Shanyou 63 suffered heavy infestation by S. furcifera. The spider density in the control plot was 3 -7 times higher than that in the plots treated with insecticide following farmers' practice. No application of insecticide decreased the grain yield of Jiahua 1 and Shanyou 63 by 11. 8% and 43.4% , respectively. Compared with the control, spraying with insecticide one time decreased the AEB of Jiahua 1 and Shanyou 63 by 0.9% - 2.6% and 2.6% - 4.7% , respectively. Without insecticide application, the AEB of Shanyou 63 decreased by 32.9% - 36.1% , while that of Jiahua 1 increased by 2.2% - 4.8%. The income of planting Jiahua 1 without insecticide application was 9403 yuan x hm(-2) , which was remarkably higher than that (8632 yuan hm (-2)) of Shanyou 63 protected by spraying insecticide 3 times. It was worthwhile to point out that insecticide treatment did not affect the processing of rice grain and its commercial and edible quality, but decreased its protein content of Jiahua 1 and Shanyou 63.