Analysis of wheat resistance to the cereal aphidSitobion avenae using electrical penetration graphs and flow charts combined with correspondence analysis |
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Authors: | Claudia M Caillaud J S Pierre B Chaubet and J P Di Pietro |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratoire de la Chaire de Zoologie de l’ENSAR, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Domaine de la Motte-au-Vicomte, 35650 Le Rheu, France;(2) Laboratoire de la Chaire de Zoologie de l’ENSAR, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 65 route de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France |
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Abstract: | The behaviour ofSitobion avenae (F.), was compared on resistant wheat lines ofTriticum monococcum (L.) and a susceptible variety ofTriticum aestivum (L.). Firstly, stylet penetration activities were monitored with the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique and subsequently
analysed using flow charts combined with correspondence analysis. Plant resistance was shown to be associated with repeated
penetrations without access to either the xylem or the phloem, and with numerous failures in starting a sustained sap ingestion
(as represented by pattern E2). Access to sieve elements of the phloem did not seem to be much affected on resistant plants
but it took the aphid three times as long to produce a sap ingestion pattern when maintained on the resistant lineT. monococcum no 44 (Tm44) as compared with aphids maintained on susceptible plants. As a result the total time spent in ingesting from sieve
elements was reduced by 72% on Tm44. Secondly, direct observations of freely-moving apterous adults were performed. Aphids
did not discriminate between resistant and susceptible wheat during the first 30 min of access to test leaves, but only 4
out of 25 aphids were still probing after eight hours on resistant Tm44.
The relevance of these results to possible location of the resistance factor(s) are discussed. Although detection of plant
resistance before sieve elements are reached can not be rigorously excluded, the factors involved inT. monococcum resistance toS. avenae undoubtedly occur within the phloem vessels. |
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Keywords: | Homoptera Sitobion avenae Triticum monococcum resistance mechanisms probing behaviour electronic monitoring flow charts correspondence analysis |
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