云南胡蜂垂直分布及其区系分析

云南胡蜂种类,李铁生(1982,1987)曾报道50余种。但有关云南胡蜂的垂直分布及其区系分析研究迄今未见报道。作者于1981—1986年对云南各地的胡蜂种类进行调查和标本采集,经初步整理鉴定,共分7科31属122种(包括亚属和亚种)。本文就云南122种胡蜂总科昆虫,根据地形、气候、植被、海拔等自然特点作一垂直带划分。并对各胡蜂种的区系成分进行了分析,现将结果报道如下。

STUDIES ON THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF VESPOIDEA AND ANALEYSIS OF THE FAUNA IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

The present paper deals with vertical distribution of Vespoidea and ana-leysis of the fauna in Yunnan.Yunnan plateau took shape through the ascent by the erogenic movement of the Tertiary and Quaternary period. The geographical, climate and vegetation of Yunnan are very complicatod. The different climates, soil and vegetation on different altitudes of the plateau exert strong influence on the inserts in their breeding and multiplication. The elevation and latitudes, in author's point of view, are important factor that affect the distribution of insects. Their distributions are related to elevation and latitudes-a flight of stairs from low to high. The more latitude is to the north, the more significantly vary the distribution of insects.On the basis of the distribution characterstics of insects, the physical geography, landform, climate and vegetation of the place, Yunnan plateau may be divided into 5 vertical zones: (1)Zone of the river valley and tropical rainforest and mousoon forest (76.4-1400m), (2) Zone of mountainous region subtropical and evergreen deciduous leaves and broadleaf forest (1400-1900 m), (3) Zone of low mountain subtropical and evergreen broadleaf forest (1900-2300m), (4) Zone of middle warm mountain and mixed forest (2300-2700m), (5) Zone of subalpine coniferous forest (2700-3900m).Among the 122 species of wasps collected, 20 species (16.4%) belong to tropical species, and 86 species (70.5%) to subtropical species, and 9 species (7.4%) to palaearctic species, and the rest of the tolal number are transre-gional species (5.7%). On the basis of the results of our research, Yunnan should belong to the oriental region, 86.9% of the Vespoidea fauna in Yunnan region is oriental species. Only a very small part of the species are palaearctic and transregional.