FcrRIIA基因多态性与牙周炎关系的研究进展

牙周炎是一种由菌斑引起的以牙周软组织和牙槽骨破坏为特征的慢性感染性疾病，其病因尚不明确，目前普遍认为是细菌 感染和宿主防御相互作用的结果，受遗传有关的宿主易感性、环境、行为因素的影响。致病菌的存在是牙周炎发生的必要条件，基 因因素影响宿主在应对细菌免疫应答过程中的强度，从而导致不同程度的牙周组织破坏。许多有关牙周炎基因方面的研究把目 光对准了在免疫调节和新陈代谢中发挥重要作用的物质的基因多态性，比如细胞因子、细胞表面受体、趋化因子、酶以及其他与 抗原识别有关的物质。FcrR 就是其中之一。FcrR 属于免疫球蛋白超家族，主要有FcrRI、FcrRII、FcrRIII 三类，大量研究表明 FcrRIIA 基因多态性与牙周炎的易感性有关。在针对不同种族的调查中，Fc酌RIIA 基因多态性与牙周炎的易感性的研究结果不尽 相同。也提示我们基因多态性的等位基因频率在各个种族之间存在差异，这种基因标识在界定牙周炎病因和预后方面的相关应 用会变得有所不同。基因诊断将会成为未来牙周病预防和治疗的新方向。本文主要对近年来FcrRIIA 基因多态性与牙周炎关系 的研究进展进行了综述。

Research Progress of the Correlation of FcrRIIA Polymorphismwith Periodontitis

Human periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease that is characterized by plaque-induced destruction of periodontal soft tissue and alveolar bone. The etiology of the disease is unclear, but it is commonly believed that bacterial infection interacts with host defense, which is modified by a multitude of agents, such as genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. Genetic factors can influence the intensity and severity of host responses to bacterial challenge, which may result in various levels of periodontal tissue destruction. Most genetic research in periodontitis has focused on gene polymorphisms that play roles in immunoregulation or metabolism, such as cytokines, cell-surface receptors, chemokines, enzymes and others that are related to antigen recognition, including FcrR. Therefore, many studies have been carried out to investigate genetic susceptibility to periodontal diseases. The human leukocyte FcrR family consists of 3 classes: FcrRI, FcrRII, FcrRIII. In many studys, FcrRIIA has been documented to be associated with the susceptibility of periodontitis. However, the results are various from different race. It also suggests genetic polymorphisms of the allele frequency differences between races result in differences in the definition of periodontitis etiology and prognosis related applications. Genetic diagnosis will become the new direction for periodontal disease prevention and treatment in the future. This article mainly reviews the current research progress of correlation of Fc RIIA polymorphisms with periodontitis.