面向居民生态福祉的国土空间生态网络构建——以临沂市为例

构建面向居民福祉的生态安全体系,统筹考虑生态安全格局中的生态系统要素连通关系和生态系统服务供需关系,是强化国土空间生态修复规划成果,提升居民生态福祉的重要途径。研究基于"源-汇"理论,构建景观生态安全维育网络与生态系统服务亲近网络。结果显示：（1）45%的生态系统服务保护目标是实现高生态系统服务供给和低机会成本的合理阈值,基于此识别的生态供给源地面积为1230.89km²,中心城区及部分主要街道的生态系统服务供需关系呈现高需求-低供给现象;（2）共识别景观生态安全维育廊道75条,其中重要廊道1054km,次重要廊道1154km,一般廊道1366km;（3）生态系统服务亲近廊道分为10个组团,网络化程度低,西北部主要由森林构成,中东部主要由沿河湿地提供服务;（4）构建临沂市"三区两带五廊多组团"的国土空间生态安全格局,在保障景观生态安全的同时有效协调区域生态系统服务供求关系,促进生态-社会协同可持续发展。

Construction of terrestrial ecological network for the improvement of residents' ecological benefits: A case study of Linyi City

The isolation of ecological space from production and living space has caused a serious imbalance in the supply and demand of ecosystem services. Ecological restoration of territorial space is an important initiative to enhance regional ecological security and promote sustainable development. The construction of an ecological security system for residents'' well-being, which takes into account the ecosystem elements connectivity and the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services, is an important way to strengthen the results of ecological restoration planning in territorial space and enhance residents'' well-being. Taking Linyi city as an example, this study first assessed five types of ecosystem services:habitat quality, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, water production and riverside recreation. After integrating the important areas for ecosystem services in cities and counties, we identified cost-effective ecological sources based on the threshold analysis method. Then we constructed an ecological resistance surface based on land use type and road location and constructed a landscape ecological security sustaining network based on circuit theory. In addition, this study constructed an ecosystem service affinity network based on the source-sink theory and the supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services. The results show that:(1) 45% of the ecosystem service protection target is a reasonable threshold to guarantee high ecosystem service supply and low opportunity cost, and the area of ecological supply sources is 1230.89km². The supply-demand relationship of ecosystem services in the central city and some major streets shows a high demand-low supply pattern; (2) Seventy-five landscape ecological security sustaining corridors were identified, including 1054km of important corridors, 1154km of less important corridors, and 1366km of general corridors; (3) The ecosystem service affinity corridors were divided into 10 groups with a low degree of networking, with the northwestern part mainly consisting of forests and the central-eastern part mainly served by wetlands along rivers; (4) We built a territorial ecological security pattern of "three zones, two belts, five corridors and multiple groups" in Linyi City, which can effectively coordinate the supply and demand of regional ecosystem services while ensuring the ecological security of the landscape and promote the ecological-social synergy for sustainable development. The ecological network constructed in this study will provide a programmatic guide for optimizing the territorial spatial layout and creating an ecologically livable city in Linyi. The concept of ecological network construction for the well-being of residents proposed in this study has the potential to provide theoretical support for the planning and practice of ecological protection and restoration of the territorial space.