中国大陆的腐霉属菌物

综述了中国大陆腐霉属的研究进展,内容包括腐霉属菌物的发生、分布、分类鉴定、致病性、所致植物病害防治及腐霉的利用等方面.至今,中国已报道的腐霉属菌物有64个种,其中有13个种作为世界新种进行了描述,这13个新种分别为:顶生腐霉Pythium acrogynum,孤雌腐霉P.amasculinum,百色腐霉P.baisense,北方腐霉P.boreale,短枝腐霉P.breve,壁合腐霉P.connatum,镰雄腐霉P.falciforme,贵阳腐霉P.guiyangense,广西腐霉P.guangxiense,下雄腐霉P.hypoandrum,昆明腐霉P.kummingense,南宁腐霉尸nanningense和中国腐霉P.sinensis.瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum为优势种,在全国普遍引起多种植物严重的猝倒病和根、茎、叶、果腐烂病.其中,大多数腐霉种对植物具有致病性,44个种寄生植物,1个种:紫菜腐霉P.porphyrae寄生红藻和紫菜,2个种:卡地腐霉P.carolinianum 和贵阳腐霉P.guiyangense寄生蚊子幼虫,2个种:努氏腐霉P.nunn和寡雄腐霉P.oligandrum 是真菌的重寄生菌.相比之下,台湾报道的腐霉种有48种(其中新种1个:四季腐霉P.sukuiense),海南报道的腐霉种有28种.对中国大陆腐霉属的研究前景也进行了讨论.

Department of Biology, State University of New York, New Paltz, New York 12561, USA

A historical review of studies on the genus Pythium in mainland China was conducted, covering the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy, pathogenicity, plant disease control and its utilization. To date, 64 species of Pythium have been reported and 13 were described as new to the world: P. acrogynum, P. amasculinum, P. baisense, P. boreale, P. breve, P. connatum, P. falciforme, P. guiyangense, P. guangxiense, P. hypoandrum, P. kummingense, P. nanningense and P. sinensis. The dominant species is P. aphanidermatum causing serious damping off and rotting of roots, stems, leaves and fruits of a wide variety of plants throughout the country. Most of the Pythium species are pathogenic with 44 species parasitic on plants, one on the red alga, Porphyra: P. porphyrae, two on mosquito larvae: P. carolinianum and P. guiyangense and two mycoparasitic: P. nunn and P. oligandrum. In comparison, 48 and 28 species have been reported, respectively, from Taiwan and Hainan Island with one new species described in Taiwan: P. sukuiense. The prospect of future study on the genus Pythium in mainland China was discussed.