Establishment and growth pattern of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pumila</Emphasis> under a forest canopy in central Kamchatka |
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Authors: | Masaki Okuda Akihiro Sumida Hiroaki Ishii Valentina P Vetrova Toshihiko Hara |
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Institution: | (1) Graduate School of Earth Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;(2) Department of Statistical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 4-6-7 Minami-azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8569, Japan;(3) The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;(4) Present address: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;(5) Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Rybakov, 19-A, 683024 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia |
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Abstract: | We investigated the spatial distribution and growth of the Siberian dwarf pine (Pinus pumila) in a valley–foothill larch–birch (Larix cajanderi–Betula platyphylla as canopy trees) mixed forest of fire origin located in central Kamchatka with the aim of elucidating the ecological features
of P. pumila when it is an undergrowth species in a forest. The spatial distribution of all individuals of all tree species was clumped,
and the spatial distribution of the two canopy tree species did not repulsively affect that of P. pumila (i.e., its establishment site). These results suggest that the regeneration of P. pumila does not depend on canopy gaps. However, the analysis using a growth model indicated that the canopy trees negatively affected
the growth of P. pumila and that the negative effect of L. cajanderi on P. pumila growth was stronger than that of B. platyphylla. The direction of the crown extension of P. pumila was weakly related to the open-space direction. Our results suggest that, although the spatial pattern of establishment of
P. pumila is not repulsed by the distribution of canopy trees, the crown can spread horizontally toward the more sparsely populated
areas of the canopy trees where they may have higher growth rates. |
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Keywords: | Growth model Interspecific competition Mixed forest Pinus pumila Spatial distribution |
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