浮游植物细胞自噬作用特点及研究方法

自噬(Autophagy)是真核生物细胞中一类高度保守的、依赖于溶酶体或液泡途径对胞质蛋白和细胞器进行降解的生物学过程。细胞自噬除维持细胞稳态外,在细胞响应各种外界胁迫中也发挥重要作用。近年来,陆续发现浮游植物能够通过细胞自噬应答众多环境胁迫,并在浮游植物细胞中鉴定出了类似于哺乳动物细胞中的核心自噬功能单位。自噬作为一种独特的程序性细胞死亡(PCD)形式,对浮游植物遭受胁迫后的个体存活及种群延续具有至关重要的作用。因此,细胞自噬也将成为浮游植物研究领域的一个新的着力点。主要综述了浮游植物细胞中自噬的保守性、诱导因素、调控机制、自噬与凋亡的交互作用以及浮游植物自噬研究方法等研究进展。

Features and Research Methods Summarization on Phytoplankton Cell Autophagy

Autophagy is a highly conservative biological process and depends on lysosomes or vacuoles pathway in eukaryotic cells to degrade their cytoplasmic proteins and organelles. In addition to maintain cell homeostatic state, cell autophagy also plays a crucial role in responding to various external coercions. Recently it has been found in succession that phytoplankton could respond numerous environmental coercions through cell autophagy and have been characterized as kernel autophagy functional unit in phytoplankton cells similar to those in mammalian cells. Autophagy, as a unique programmed cell death (PCD), has an imperative impact on individual survival and population continuation of phytoplankton after being coerced. Therefore, cell autophagy will become a new emphasis point in phytoplankton research field. The conservativity of autophagy in phytoplankton cells, the induction factor, the regulation mechanism, the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis, as well as the methods in phytoplankton autophagy research were mainly summarized in this paper.