表面残留杀虫剂对蜘蛛的影响研究

以前的报道多集中于研究杀虫剂直接喷洒对蜘蛛的影响。本研究以三突花蛛和沟渠豹蛛为对象，测定了溴氰菊酯、毒死蜱和查虫清（植物源杀虫剂）共3种杀虫剂的表面残留对蜘蛛的驱避作用和急性毒性。结果表明：残留2h的毒死蜱和查虫清对三突花蛛无驱避作用，而残留2h的溴氰菊酯对三突花蛛有明显地驱避作用。3种杀虫剂的2h表面残留对沟渠豹蛛均有显著的驱避作用，其中溴氰菊酯的驱避作用最强。残留24h的3种杀虫剂对三突花蛛和沟渠豹蛛无明显的驱避作用。表面残留的毒死蜱和查虫清对蜘蛛的毒性小，溴氰菊酯的残留对三突花蛛和沟渠豹蛛毒性大。表面残留2h的溴氰菊酯对沟渠豹蛛的毒性显著高于残留24h的溴氰菊酯。

The Effects of Residual Insecticide on the Spiders(Araneae)

Previous reports mostly focused on the effects of direct spraying pesticides on spiders （Araneae）. In this study, we are aimed to investigate the residual activity （repellent and acute toxicity） of pesticides on Misumenops tricuspidatus and Pardosa laura. We are interested to know whether these two spiders could avoid a surface with residues and to examine their survival rates in 2-hour-old and 24-hour-old residues. In our experiment we use three types of pesticides, chlorpyrifos （organophosphate）, deltamethrin（pyrethrion） and chachongqing （botanical）. The results showed that M. tricuspidatus can not be repelled by 2-hour-old residues of chlorpyrifos and chachongqing, but can be repelled by the 2-hour-old residues of deltamethrin obviously; P. laura can be repelled by 2-hour-old residues of all three pesticides, in which deltamethrin is the most repellent. In the 24-hour-old residues, both M. tricuspidatus and P. laura can not be repelled by three kinds of pesticides. Regarding toxicity, both 2-hour-old and 24-hour-old residues of chlorpyrifos and chachongqing caused low mortality to two spiders. In contrast, deltamethrin caused high mortality in these spiders. And the toxicity of 2-hour-old residue of deltamethrin is significant higher than that of 24-hour-old.