近十年中国重要食药用菌研究进展

食用菌跻身我国第五大农作物,我国已经成为名副其实的食药用菌大国。本文对近十年来食药用菌重要种类名称变更、人工培植或栽培技术的突破和基因组学研究的进展进行了综述。随着分子系统学研究的深入,灵芝、黑木耳、毛木耳、桑黄等重要种类的名称得到更正和完善;冬虫夏草、羊肚菌、暗褐网柄牛肝菌等难栽培种类在全世界范围内首次实现人工栽培;大多数常见食药用菌种类完成了基因组解析。分析了分类和系统发育研究、生物学研究、组学研究与食药用菌产业发展的关系,基础研究促进食药用菌产业发展,同时产业发展为基础研究提出更多的科学问题。

Research progress on important edible and medicinal fungi in China over the last decade

Edible fungi are now the fifth largest crops in China and the annual output in China has accounted for more than 70% of the total of the world. Here, we review the important progress including name revision, breakthrough in artificial cultivation and genomics of edible and medicinal fungi. The names of the important species are corrected as Ganoderma lingzhi, Auricularia heimuer, Auricularia cornea, Sanghuangporus sanghuang and Ophiocordyceps sinensis, respectively. Some species have been cultivated successfully for the first time throughout the world including Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Morchella spp., Phlebopus portentosus and Taiwanofungus camphoratus. Genome sequencing and annotation have been completed for most of the common species. The fundamental research and industry development promote each other.