肠道菌群功能与影响因素研究进展

人体肠道作为一种营养丰富的天然环境有多达100兆个微生物,其中绝大多数存于结肠内,密度接近1011~1012/m L。人类肠道内的微生物多样性是微生物菌落和宿主共同进化的结果,自然选择和进化使肠道菌群与宿主处于一种动态平衡且稳定的关系。文章综述了肠道菌群对宿主可能产生的影响以及引起肠道菌群发生改变的某些因素,肠道微生物影响宿主的代谢、营养吸收、免疫功能以及神经功能调节,而饮食及其他条件又能引起肠道菌群的改变。深入分析肠道菌群的具体结构、探索不同微生物在宿主体内究竟发挥着怎样的作用以及如何充分利用微生物的不同特性改善人类健康应成为今后研究的重点方向。

Advances in Function and Influencing Factors of Gut Microbian

As a nutrient rich natural environment, the human gut microbial population comprises approximately 100 trillion microbial cells which are almost exist in our colon, and the density of microbial cells in the gut is close to 10¹¹-10¹²/mL. Microbial diversity in human gut is the result of the co evolution of microbial colonies and the host, and the natural selection and evolution between gut microbial population and the host is in a dynamic equilibrium and stable relationship. The possible effects of gut microbial population that affects the host as well as some factors that cause the changes of gut microbial population, the effects of gut microbes on the metabolism of the host, the nutrient assimilation, regulation of immune function and neural function, and the changes of diet and other conditions furthermore could cause the changes of the gut microbial population were summarized in this article. The concrete structure of gut microbial population were analyzed intensively, investigated how different microbe actually play its role, as well as how to make use of the different features of microbes to improve the health of human, should be the focus direction of the study in the future.