Salvia verbenaca L. essential oil: Variation of yield and composition according to collection site and phenophase |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria BP 901, Hammam-Lif, 2050, Tunisia;2. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C./Mayor s/n, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain;1. School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan;2. Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan;1. Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland;3. Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland;1. Université de Corse - CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000, Ajaccio, France;2. Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland;1. Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China;2. Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, 4 Dadong Road, Beijing, 101300, China;1. College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China;2. Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs and High Efficiency Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction Pharmaceutical Equipment, Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China;2. College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, China |
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| Abstract: | The effect of the collection sites and phenophase on yield and chemical composition of Salvia verbenaca essential oils was evaluated. The essential oil constituents were assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The highest essential oil yields were observed for samples of the higher semi-arid bioclimate and at the flowering period. Eighty-five volatile constituents were identified and their percentages varied significantly (p < 0.05) depending on the collection site and the phenological stage. According to the plants origin, essential oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The monoterpene hydrocarbons (31.9%) predominate at the flowering stage whereas oxygenated sesquiterpenes (27.5%) at the early fruiting stage. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (28.2%) was the most represented chemical class at late fruiting. On the basis of GC-MS data, the major identified volatile constituents were viridiflorol (3.4–17.7%), α-pinene (0.7–15.9%), β-caryophyllene (1.0–15.3%) and p-cymene (1.3–14.2%). S. verbenaca contains a diversity of bioactive constituents which shows large variations as affected by the collection sites and phenophase. |
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| Keywords: | Essential oils Geographical origin Phenological stage Chemical composition |
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