利用生物工程技术生产蜘蛛丝的研究进展

蜘蛛丝是一种高分子蛋白纤维,具有高强度、高弹性等许多重要的优良特性,在军事、医学、工业、建筑、纺织等领域具有广泛而巨大的应用。然而蜘蛛的产丝量小,且无法高密度养殖以获取大量的蜘蛛丝,难以满足实际应用的需要。于是人们只能着眼于生物工程方法,即将蜘蛛丝蛋白基因转入其它生物体来表达生产蜘蛛丝蛋白,经过多年的研究,已取得很多重要的进展。对蜘蛛丝蛋白在微生物、植物、哺乳动物及家蚕等不同生物载体中表达的研究进展进行重点阐述,并探讨了已有研究的不足和今后研究展望,为进一步探索和研发蜘蛛丝的规模化生产方法提供借鉴与参考。

Research Advances of Producing Spider Silk by Biotechnology

Spider silk is a kind of macromolecular protein fiber with high strength, high elasticity, and many other excellent characteristics, so it has been applying widely in military, medicine, industry, construction, textile and other fields. However, spider's silk production quantity is small, and spider can not be high density cultivated for getting a lot of spider silk, it is difficult to meet the needs of practical application. So people can only focus on the biological engineering methods, and try to introduce spider silk protein genes into other organisms to produce spider silk protein. After years of research, a lot of important progress has been made. The research course of spider silk proteins expression in different biological carriers, such as microorganisms, plants, mammals and silkworm were focused, also the deficiency of the existing research and future research prospects were discussed, so as to provide reference for further exploration and development of large-scale production of spider silk.