社会-生态系统恢复力研究综述

目前国内外对脆弱性的论述很多，然而关于恢复力的研究却刚刚起步且困难重重。1973年Holling创造性地将恢复力引入到生态系统稳定性的研究中，并将其定义为系统吸收干扰并继续维持其功能、结构、反馈等不发生质变的能力。30多年来这一术语的概念和内涵在大量的案例研究中得到了丰富和完善，然而这些研究对恢复力的不同解释亦造成了大量的混淆，因此需要在统一的理论基础上，根据控制系统变化的属性来构建恢复力的概念并进行应用研究。在社会-生态系统框架下，分析了恢复力研究的基础理论——适应性循环及扰沌，对其概念及内涵做了进展综述，回顾了恢复力的应用案例，探讨了定量化问题，在此基础上对社会．生态系统恢复力的研究进行了展望，提出了面临的关键问题及今后的研究方向。

An overview on the resilience of social-ecological systems

In his seminal paper,Holling coined the term resilience as the ability of ecosystems to absorb changes without a major transformation of system dynamics and feedbacks.This concept is becoming increasingly significant in many interdisciplinary studies,such as ecology,economics,environmental studies,sociology and political science.These studies deal with the interactions between humans and nature,providing a fresh and useful way to explore sustainable development.However,different interpretations of what is meant by resilience can cause confusion.Hence,the resilience of a system needs to be considered in terms of the attributes that govern system dynamic,based on a uniform scientific foundation.This paper first provides an overview of the related theories of adaptive cycle and of panarchy,which are newer developments drawing on the earlier work on resilience,and then traces the evolution of the concept of resilience.The meaning of resilience has evolved and expanded greatly since the 1970s,with some new insights gained during the last decade.Nowadays,the study of resilience has been incorporated into the framework of linked social-ecological systems.Resilience,for social-ecological systems,is related to(a)the magnitude of shock that the system can absorb and remain within a given state,(b)the degree to which the system is capable of self-organization,and(c)the degree to which the system can build capacity for learning and adaptation.A growing number of case studies have revealed the close connection between resilience,diversity and sustainability of social-ecological systems.Finally,we suggest some future areas of study for a better understanding of the resilience of social-ecological systems.There are still critical questions to be solved in the future,to build resilience and increase the capacity of social-ecological systems to cope with surprise in today's changing world.