Burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 2012 |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia;2. Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayudhaya Rd., Rajathevi, Phyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand;1. Oncological Ward, Independent Public Health Care Unit, Voivodeship Specialized Hospital, Rybnik, Poland;2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland;3. Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland;4. Department of Toxicology and Occupational Health Protection, Public Health Faculty, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland;1. Department of Radiation oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;2. Imaging Diagnosis and Interventional Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;3. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;4. Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;5. Department of Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;1. Center for Epidemiology and Environmental Health (CEOH, LLC), Washington, DC, 20016, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA;3. Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA;4. Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundCancer is an increasing problem in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Evidence on burden of cancer attributable to tobacco is essential to raise public and political awareness of the negative effects of tobacco on cancer and to be used to stimulate political action aims at reducing smoking prevalence in ASEAN member countries. The objective of this study was to estimate burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in ASEAN, 2012.MethodsIn this study, smoking prevalence was combined with Relative Risks (RRs) of cancer to obtain Smoking Attributable Fractions (SAFs). Cancer incidence and mortality data among individuals aged 15 years and older were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012. Fourteen types of cancer were included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of the use of alternative RRs and the use of alternative prevalence of smoking in some countries.ResultsThe findings showed that tobacco smoking was responsible for 131,502 cancer incidence and 105,830 cancer mortality in ASEAN countries in 2012. In other words, tobacco smoking was accounted for 28.4% (43.3% in male and 8.5% in female) of cancer incidence and 30.5% (44.2% in male and 9.4% in female) of cancer mortality in ASEAN. When looking at the types of cancer, lung cancer showed the strongest association with tobacco smoking. Incidence of cancer and cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking varied by countries due to the differences in size of population, background risk of cancer, and prevalence of smoking in each country. According to the sensitivity analyses, RRs of lung cancer, pharynx cancer, and larynx cancer used in the estimates have significant impact on the estimates.ConclusionsAs about one-third of cancer incidence and mortality in ASEAN are attributable to tobacco smoking ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to put in place stronger tobacco control policies and to strengthen the existing tobacco control measure in order to effectively control cancer. |
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| Keywords: | Cancer Burden Smoking Tobacco ASEAN Smoking attributable fraction Mortality Prevalence |
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